نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال هفتم شماره 12 (پیاپی 33، اسفند 1397)

The aim of this research is measuring the effectiveness of the group art therapy on the level of self-esteem of male students at high school. The methods which were used in this research can be pointed out as experimental and statistical study based on all of the high students of Qods city. For this study, among 352 students, 22 students that obtained the lowest scores on the self-esteem questionnaire (Cooper Smith, 1967) were selected and divided into two groups: Control group and experimental group. The techniques of group art therapy were used on examinees about 10 sessions for 75 minutes, and there was no interference on control group’s sessions, expect for one session. In this research, a repeated measure ANOVA was used for analyzing the data. Findings reveal that using present program, significantly, (p>0/05) increases the experimental group’s self-esteem. This program can improve and ameliorate the social and adaptive skills and finally leads to educational improvement. The purpose of using these programs is to improve self-esteem and creativity and critical thinking.

Research shows optimism among the supporting factors are Life Orientation that To coping in adverse conditions resulting in better well-being of the people.The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between life orientation, stress, depression and anxiety in student. In doing so, 240 undergraduate students (144 female and 96 male) from the Imam international Khomeini in Qazvin were selected using random cluster sampling method and were responded questionnaires which included the life orientation (LOT) and stress, depression and anxiety (DASS21). For data analyze were used methods Pearson’s correlation coefficient and T- test. The results was showed that there was significant different between type life orientation with magnitude of stress, depression and anxiety in students. In the other hand, students who have pessimistic orientation, have more stress, depression and anxiety. In addition, the result revealed no significant difference between optimism with pessimism females and males. Therefore with increasing optimism , students are less magnitude stress, depression and anxiety.

The aim of this study was study the relationship between life satisfaction, positive youth development and parent- adolescent conflict with Behavioral problems in adolescents. This research method is correlation and stepwise regression type. The target population included all high school students in Tehran in the academic year 1395. 700 patients were selected with cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study are multidimensional students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS), Youth Self-report Scale (YSR), Positive Youth Development (PYD), and Parent-Youth conflict Scale. The results showed between life satisfaction and positive development of youth with behavioral problems, there is a negative relationship. While between parent-adolescent conflicts and adolescent behavioral problems, there is a positive relationship. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the predictor variables together explained 29% of variance adjusted for behavioral problems. So to the extent that Adolescent level of life satisfaction, positive youth development program to be implemented and parent-adolescent conflict is reduced, also reduced behavioral problems in adolescents.

The present study aimed at an investigation of the effectiveness of the mindfulness training on test anxiety in Kashan guidance grade boy students. The present study is experimental with pre-test – post-test with the control group. The statistical population of the present study includes all of the guidance grade boy students in the academic years of 1394 in Kashan among whom 40 subjects were, randomly selected in sampling methods. The measurement instruments in the present study were of test anxiety questionnaire of Spielberger. Questionnaire pre-test, post-test, and follow-up were used. Statistical analysis of covariance showed that the hypothesis of the present study was based on a 99% level of confidence is significant. It is concluded that mindfulness training is effective in reducing anxiety.

Alexithymia is a personality construct that is known as a risk factor for a range of psychiatric, medical and somatoform disorders. This study was done with aim of Comparing Alexithymia between patients (cardiac, renal) and healthy subjects (nurses, students). This comparative cross-sectional study was done in a sample of 878 people from cardiovascular patients, kidney patients, nurses and college students in Kermanshah, Iran. The study tool was Torento-20 questionnaire. Data analyzed by SPSS-21 software using multivariate ANOVA and scheffe tests. 428 people (47.8%) of all respondents were women and mean age of total sample was 39.99±17.23. data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between 4 groups in all three subscales of alexithymia (p<0.001; F=111.08). the mean score of alexithymia in nurses was more than students and in cardiovascular patients was more than nurses and students. There was no significant difference between cardiovascular and kidney patients (p > 0.05). The results of this study indicate high levels of alexithymia in patient group comparing healthy people. In particular, high levels of alexithymia in cardiovascular patients, points out the importance of this variable in this group of patients.

The main of this study was to investigated role of goal orientation learning and goal orientation performance on Prediction of self-regulated learning amongst welfare organization client students. organization client students. The sample, was selected 130 welfare organization client students in third grade of high school in Darashahr city in academic year of 2013-2014 by systematic sampling method and answered to goal orientation Bouffard, etal (1995) and Button, etal (1996). The data gathered from the research have been analyzed by SPSS software, Pearson correlation confection and simultaneous multiple regression. Findings shows That 34.1 percent of the variance related to self-regulated learning was presented by the goal orientation learning and 37.9 percent was presented by the goal orientation performance . According to these results, the goal orientation learning and goal orientation performance have a significant effect on predicting self-regulated learning of students. Based on the results would be necessary to strengthening of the goal orientation as a self-regulated learning factor in students belonging to vulnerable groups in society .The cross-cultural and inter-cultural research can help scrutinize the findings.

Studies show that one of the foundations for the formation of addiction is anxiety. Anxiety index is considered to be an important component not only in the initial stages, but also in the process of slipping and recurrence, which is an important component that can challenge the desired therapeutic outcomes. One of the dimensions resulted from the addiction is anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of well-being group therapy on negative mood regulation scale in women dependent on methamphetamine. The present study was carried out in a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. Thus, during the period from May to March 2015, twenty two women eligible to participate in the study were selected after a post-screening from among methamphetamine dependent patients referred to three addiction treatment clinics in Tehran using purposely sampling and they were assigned in two groups of experiment and accidentally using Excel software. After obtaining informed consent and accepting participation criteria in the study, all participants were interviewed by structured clinical interview and completed the negative mood regulation scale. The experimental group was treated well-being therapy for 12 weekly sessions and the control group was merely received the routine treatments of the center. Then, they were evaluated in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up through the mentioned questionnaire. Chi-square test and generalized estimation equation were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the well-being therapy had a significant effect on the improvement of the negative mood regulation scale (p<0.01). However, this improvement was not maintained until follow-up stage (p >0.05). These findings, consistent with the research literature, suggest the efficacy of positive-oriented therapies on the regulation of mood indices. The results of this study can be helpful in evaluating and designing of therapeutic interventions and the prospect of future research in methamphetamine abusers.

This study aimed to predict positive psychological states based on parenting styles among the female students of Payame- Noor University of Aran &Bidguol. The design of the study was descriptive – correlation. The statistical population comprised single female students of Payame- Noor University of Aran&Bidguol. The research sample consisted of 200 students and mothers that were recruited through the systematic randomized sampling method. Parenting styles Baumrind (1991) Assessment Scale and Positive Psychological States Rajae (2011) Scale were used to collect study data. The results showed that positive psychological states of female students were predictable based on parental parenting styles. The research hypothesis of this study was significant at the 95% level of confidence. It was concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between authoritative parenting styles and positive psychological states while the relationship between authoritarian parenting styles and positive mental states was opposite and contrary.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of spiritual well-being, self-esteem and happiness the students of teacher-training university of Gorgan s to fulfill this important research methods "descriptive" of the correlation is used.
Happiness and self-esteem are always one of the most important issues of the University of Cultural Sciences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spiritual well-being written on self-esteem and happiness in students of Farhangian University in Gorgan.
Input students of teacher population of 92 years with a sample of 201 university teachers Gorgan city; The Ways of data collection are Spiritual well-being scale, SHS happiness scale and Rosenberg's self- esteem scale. In this study, to analyze the data Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, coefficient correlation Pearson , t- test and Regression To generalize the results of the sample to the community and SPSS software was used for data analysis.
The results showed that each of these variables of spiritual well- being and self -esteem and happiness have a significant relationship with each other. It was also found that gender, is effective on spiritual well- being, self -esteem and happiness. In addition, native students are happier than non- native students.

In the light of increasing researches indicating the role of cultural factors in the reactions of Western and Eastern participants to emotional stimulus such as movie and lack of such instrument in experimental studies in Iran, this research is aimed at investigating and comparing the reaction of male and female participants to an emotional clip in a non-clinical sample. So, a semi-quasi research was designed and 87 students were participated in this study. First, participants determined their mood and answered to the depression and general health scales. Then, they were presented with the clip. Finally, they answered to questions about the movie. Data were analyzed in SPSS-23 using ANOVA. Results indicated that there are significant differences in evaluation of the clip between male and female participants. This results indicate that women show more responses to emotional stimuli, and they are more likely to express their emotions, while men are more likely to control or hide their emotional displays. Despite cultural differences, results are consistent with other results.

The current research aims at predicting traffic police staffs satisfaction with life based on creativity and self-efficiency. It is a descriptive correlational research study. The research statistical population includes all traffic police staffs of Birjand city in 2014; their total number was equal to 55 persons. Considering the statistical population size, census method was used and the entire population was selected as a sample. In order to measure research variables, Abedi Creativity Test Questionnaire (ATC) (1993), Sherer General Self-efficacy Inventory (1982), and Diener et al., Satisfaction with Life Scale (1985) were used. Findings showed that all sub-scales of creativity mean scores (except for extension sub-scale) were more than test mean (P<0.01). The mean total creativity was more than test mean (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between mean extension sub-scale and test mean. The mean of self-efficiency and life satisfaction was more than test mean (P< 0.01). Creativity and self-efficiency were positively significantly correlated to satisfaction with life (P<0.01). Self-efficiency variable was able to explain 38 % of variance in life satisfaction. Results obtained by this research highlighted the necessity to pay attention to self-efficiency and creativity to increase traffic police staffs satisfaction with life.

Obesity is emerging as a serious problem throughout the world. Of the factors contributing to obesity, stress seems to be particularly important as stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, lack of exercise and difficulty in emotion regulation, each being considered independent factors leading to obesity. The aim of the present research was to conduct a review and meta-analysis of the studies related to stress and obesity. The sample of the studies used includes 22 studies conducted in Iran and abroad from 2002 to 2019, which included 10,828 participants. The findings of this study indicate that there is a mutual relationship between stress and obesity. Among 22 studies, except in three of them, there were significant relationships between psychological problems such as stress, anxiety and depression with obesity, overweight, overeating or one of the eating problems. The results of this study have valuable insight on the relationship between stress and obesity for mental health professionals. Managing stress and emotion regulation will prevent obesity and eating problems, as well as considering the psychological variables such as stress and anxiety in the treatment of obese people.

The aim of this study was to compare the anxiety level of primary school children by perfectionism, mothers' parenting styles and emotional intelligence. This study used a descriptive, causal-comparative and purpose has been applied. The population of elementary school students in Tehran and the study sample included 100 male and female students of primary schools in Region 9 Education in Tehran who were selected cluster random sampling. The research tools used, including Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, a questionnaire Hill perfectionism, parenting style questionnaire responded and it is emotional intelligence questionnaire. Data analysis and survey research hypotheses independent t-test and ANOVA were used Tees. Research findings showed that children of mothers with anxiety, perfectionism, up significantly more than the anxiety of children with mothers with low perfectionism (P<0/0001) and women with high emotional intelligence, had children with lower anxiety (P<0/0001) and also the mothers with high sovereign styles (P<0/002) and authoritarian Low (P<0/0001), children had lower anxiety. The results showed that the interactions between mother and child is crucial negative emotions and anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and results, research findings related research causes anxiety in children strengthens.

This research has done with the aim of analyzing, mothers' religious orientation in prediction of negative or positive adolescents' attitude toward delinquency. for this descriptive – correlation research, from the mothers and their children who lives in hamedan city, 200 person (100 mother, 100 children) were selected with random clustering method, mothers received Allport religious orientation questionnaire and their children received attitude toward delinquency. For analyzing datas we use Pearson correlation coefficient and linear multiple regression. The results indicated that there is a negative relation between mothers' introvert religious orientation and adolescents' positive attitude toward delinquency and a positive relation between this religious orientation and negative attitudes toward delinquency, and there is no relation between mothers' extrovert religious orientation and negative or positive attitude toward delinquency. The results of regression analyzing also indicated that mothers introvert religious orientation explains 23 percent of positive attitude toward delinquency variance and 47 percent of negative attitude toward delinquency. This results indicate that weak introvert religious orientation specially mothers orientation could be one of the dangerous reasons of delinquency in adolescent. And for preventing different kinds of social damage in adolescent specially preventing from delinquency we can use capacity of mothers religious orientation.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence of students with self-efficacy, resilience and stress job was done. The population of students and teachers of schools in Sarpole zahab are 77 teachers and 328 students from schools in Sarpole zahab available for sampling were selected.The date correlation and descriptive statistics were analyzed. The results showed that students emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, resilience and job stress has a direct and significant relationship. This means that high emotional intelligence of students also increased self-efficacy and resilience teachers and teacher stress can be caused by other reasons.

This study has been conducted in the academic year of 2014-2015 to investigate the relationship between authentic personality and happiness and psychological well-being of students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive-correlational study has been done on 325 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2014-2015. These students were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included Wood's Authentic Personality Questionnaire, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS software, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Based on the obtained results, there was a significant positive correlation between the subscales of self-alienation, authentic life and the admission of the external influence of genuine personality and psychological well-being. A significant positive correlation was found between the subscales of self-concept, life satisfaction, aesthetic feeling and hope of happiness and psychological well-being. There was no significant relationship between the subscales of psychological readiness, cheerfulness, and self-efficacy of happiness and psychological well-being. Prediction of psychological well-being by these two variables can help psychologists to provide opportunities rectifying the situations of students with low mental health or those who are at risk. It can guide them to strengthen their authentic personality and happiness factors.

The present research has been conducted to study the relationship of teachers’ job satisfaction and teaching quality with students’ academic performance in high school. The method research was descriptive a kind of correlation. Statistical population of the study included 230 of women teachers and 2400 girls of high school in Gonbad city that all of them were selected by census sampling. For gathering, data were used Seraj teaching quality questionnaire and job description index and students' average scores. The data analyzed by discriminate analysis with the stepwise method. The findings showed that predictor variables of nature job, promotion conditions, and interpersonal relations predict and determine academic performance. satisfied teachers of nature job and promotion conditions through connecting suitably with students increase their academic performance.

The purpose of this study was to predict job satisfaction based on resilience and self-efficacy in employees of the Keshavarzi Bank of Yasuj. The present study is a descriptive correlational study in which its statistical society all employees of Keshavarzi Bank of branches Yasuj city.
In this research, a sample of 133 people (110 males and 23 females) is based on Morgan's table. Which were selected using cluster sampling method. Data were gathered by Researcher Questionnaire (2003), Conner and Davidson Resiliency and self-efficacy questionnaire by Ollendeik et al. (1984) And job satisfaction has been used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression methods got analyzed. The results showed that resiliency and self-efficacy are suitable predictors for job satisfaction (P = 0.05). Also, resilience was able to measure the level of work satisfaction, satisfaction with colleagues, satisfaction with promotion, Provide satisfaction from the supervisor and satisfaction with payment But self-efficacy was only able to predict satisfaction with work and satisfaction with payment (P = 0.05). The results showed that self-efficacy and resilience have a reciprocal relationship with job satisfaction.

Researchers working in educational settings are increasingly paying attention to the role students’ thoughts and beliefs play in the learning process. Self-efficacy, a key element of social cognitive theory, appears to be an important variable because it affects students’ motivation and learning. This article investigates empirical literature about the role of students’self-efficacy in education by focusing on the this research question: which are the factors shown to affect the self-efficacy of students within higher educational settings? to do this online by about 32 foreign studies were selected in accordance with our criteria and with the specific features of each study; they were coded. research method is as anecdotal and qualitative. the results of a review reveal that educational programmes have the possibility to enhance students’ self-efficacy, and that educational programmes based on social cognitive theory proved to be particularly successful on this score. Several factors appeared to influence students’ self-efficacy and provided evidence of the potency of the main sources of self-efficacy.Directions for future research are indicated.

For decades, single case experimental designs (SCED) have been used to examine the effectiveness of clinical and educational interventions and have contributed significantly to the development of the general lines of clinical and educational researches. In recent years, with the movement of evidence-based methods, the methodology of single case experimental designs has also evolved. Visual analysis of graphic displays of data is a cornerstone of studies using a single case experimental design. Data are graphed for each participant during a study. In Visual analysis, trend, level, and stability of data assessed and compare within (base line, intervention and follow up) and between conditions of intervention. The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a rationale for visual analysis of data when using a SCED, a step-by-step guide for conducting a visual analysis of graphed data, as well as to highlight considerations for persons interested in using visual analysis to evaluate an intervention.

The degree to which creativity is domain-specific or domain-general remains hotly contested, but there is at least one area of agreement: people have different creativity profiles. Many researchers have found evidence of an association between creativity and the predisposition to mental illness. Most of the existing research has concentrated on artistic creativity, and the position of other creative domains is not yet clear. The present study compares creativity profiles using the creative personality (CPS; Kaufman and Baer, 2004), Gough Personality scale (CPS; Gough and Heilbrun, 1983) and biographical inventory of creative behavior (BICB; Batey , 2007)and it’s relation to depression and anxiety (Costello and Comrey, 1967), perceived stress scale (PSS; Cohen and et al, 1983)and Affective Temperament (ATQ; Light, 2009) in a sample of art and engineering students consisting of 407 engineering students and 322 Art students. The sample was selected from University of Tehran and art university of Tehran Through convenience sampling method. The Data analyzed through Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Correlation results showed that the only variable which correlated positively with creativity was Hyperthymic temperament and also MANOVA results showed that art students achieved higher scores in creativity and Cyclothymic temperament.

Based on this research to predict social phobia, coping with stress and parenting style are discussed. The study population of 270 middle school girls, as well as parents of students in the city of Arak is used. In this study, three Conover and colleagues Social Phobia Inventory, a questionnaire Endler & Parker coping styles and parenting styles questionnaire Bambrynd used as a backup system. And analyze data using statistical methods, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov - Smirnov, Pearson correlation and multiple regression) have been completed. The results showed that social phobia and avoidant emotion-focused coping anticipated while coping style social phobia has not affected circuit problem. More permissive parenting style but also reduce social phobia, social phobia authoritative parenting style and the arbitrary increase in adolescents.

This research is prepared for studying the comparison of fear from evaluation of positive and negative events and quality of friendly behaviors in the nonclinical and normal social phobia affected people. This is a great comparison and a kind of observational case studies. The research statistical community is consisted of all social phobia affected and normal women (age 18-25) of Tehran City in 2015. From this community 75 person of the people who have social phobia and 74 person of normal people comprised according to age, education and marriage situation. In order to collect data, we used of the following tools:1. Social phobia comparison 2.comparison of fear from positive evaluation 3.comparison of fear from negative evaluation 4.Social phobia comparison. Research data were analyzed with statistical methods, Variance analysis of multivariate, Pierson correlation coefficient and regression Analysis of multivariate. Results showed that there is considerable difference between the people who have social phobia with normal people in fear from evaluation of positive and negative events and quality of friendly behaviors (P<0/000). According to the findings of research in comparison between the people who have social phobia with normal people, the affected people have more fear from evaluation of positive and negative events and also these people's friendly behaviors in comparison with normal people have low quality. Also regression analysis showed that fear from evaluation of positive and negative events and quality of friendly behaviors for cast the symptoms of social phobia disorder in women.

Today, the quantity and the quality of life due to the vast dimensions of health, defined and The order of the number of years that life satisfaction and happiness and strive for better and better and more productive life and be a breakthrough. Therefore having personality traits and schemas can be important in the pathogenesis of happiness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between personality traits and subjective well-being was. This cross-sectional study in 2015 on 366 patients (171 male and 195 female) students of Islamic Azad University of Qazvin after the multi-stage sampling was performed. Maladaptive schema questionnaire, a questionnaire personality traits and mental well-being scale were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed initial schema latent variables and personality traits in a total of 47 percent of the variance in subjective well explain. It was also found that extraversion and neuroticism are significant positive and negative predict subjective well-being. In addition, the results showed early maladaptive schema positive relationship between compatibility and subjective well-being, The relationship between neuroticism and subjective well-being in a negative and positive relationship between extraversion and subjective well-being for the mediation. Conclusion The results can be used with the original schema is probably a key role in the relationship between personality traits and mental well-being plays o with improvement schemes can increase people's subjective well-being and help prevent disorders and psychopathology.

The aim of present study was the comparing the sensation seeking, internet addiction and interpersonal trust of girls and boys student (Kharazmi University). The research sample was 120 students. Implemented instruments of this investigation were: The Zuckerman sensatoin seeking questionnaire (1978), Young internet addiction questionnaire (1998) and interpersonal relationships scale Rempel & Holms (1986) performed. The obtained data were analyzed by independent t test and multi-variance. In this research, it was found that there were significant differences between average of disinhibition and adventure seeking in sensation seeking of girl’s student comparison with boy’s student. Also, the average of loyalty in interpersonal trust within two groups showed a significant difference. But there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of internet addiction. High disinhibition and adventure seeking of boys revealed that they tended to seek high level of stimulation in their lives and high loyalty of girls shows that they were more reliable than boys in their relationships.

Parenting style of parents in upbringing their children is crucial to provide their health. Present study accomplished to study the relationship between parenting styles with optimism, hope and students` academic achievement in Mahneshan city.
This is a descriptive research and sample of the research includes 184 individuals (92 female, 92 male) as well as their mothers who were sampled randomly from students who were studying in 2015-16 academic year. They were studied using R-LOT (life directional), Miller Hope Scale (MHS) and Baumrind parenting questionnaire, then the data were analyzed using spss software version 18.
The findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between rational parenting styles and optimism, hope and academic achievement (P<0.01) while, there is a reverse significance relationship between authoritarian parenting, optimism and hope (P>0.05) however, it is not associated with academic achievement significantly (P<0.05) meanwhile, permissive parenting and optimism are positively associated (P<0.05) but there is no significant relationship between hope and academic achievement (P>0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that rational and authoritative parenting styles can predict hope (R2=0.28), but permissive parenting can`t predict hope s for authoritarian parenting and logical were able to predict hope.but permissive parenting can`t predict hope. And that rational parenting, authoritarian can predict optimism(R2=0.11), in contrast permissive parenting can`t predict it. Indeed, rational parenting permissive can predict academic achievement(R2=0.10), but authoritarian style can`t predict academic achievement .

The present study aimed to develop and examine psychometric properties of the Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS) including construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Four hundred and sixty nine Iranian men and women (226 men, 243 women) participated in this study as volunteers. All participants were asked to complete the SRPS, Ego Strength Scale (ESS), Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28), and Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS). The results of exploratory factor analysis supported a general factor structure for the SRPS. The convergent and discriminant validity of the SRPS were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the scale and the measures of ego strength, psychological well-being, psychological distress, and positive and negative affects. All correlation coefficients between the mean scores on the SRPS and scores of the ego strength, psychological well-being, psychological distress, and positive and negative affects were statistically significant. Coefficient alpha estimates of internal reliability were between .79 and .91 for the SRPS. Test-retest reliability of the SRPS was also calculated at the range of statistically significant of .73. It was concluded that the SRPS can be considered as a reliable and valid scale to measure spiritual/religious perfectionism in Iranian samples.