نشریه قرآن و علم
پیاپی 10 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

Psychology of a healthy personality is an important topic in the contemporary thoughts. Today most of the philosophers, sociologists and psychologists have a functional approach toward the religion. Instead of conducting a rational discussion on religion [factual approach] or besides having a rational approach, they discuss the theoretical and practical implications and outcomes of religion in the field of personal and social needs. The present writing firstly defines “personality” according to psychological accounts then he deals with the Quranic discourse on “healthy personality”. The study in the psychologists’ theories shows that there is no basic consensus on definition of a healthy personality; because as a matter of fact psychology is affected by various philosophical foundations and different psychological schools have grown with different epistemological and anthropological backgrounds. As a result different schools with their epistemological approaches have different definitions of a “healthy personality”. On the other hand, according to some psychologists, the characteristics of a ‘healthy personality’ are deeply affected by cultural, educational, social, economic and psychological variables. But the holy Quran has concentrated on human’s existential aspects and believes that the human enjoys a twodimensional [spiritual and physical] existence. The current writing while considering the three dimensions of human’s existence 1) tendency, 2) sight and world view, 3) behavior, tries to sketch the psychology of a healthy personality in the light of the Quranic doctrines. He has also paid heed to the fact that a physically healthy 7person enjoys some characteristics that are commonly understood throughout the world, similarly according to the Quran, all the human beings irrespective of their geography and other things enjoy the same characteristics. However, their culture and beliefs might differ. These characteristics are not affected by various variables.

The economics covers a wide range of issues [sciences] including the Islamic economics. There is a serious debate amongst the Muslim intellectuals’ circles about the very question. Some have thoroughly negated it while others have accepted with different descriptions. The present writing after posing the general remarks of the discussion touches the four prominent theories on the subject and has appropriately put forth the Quranic samples. Then, he deals with the ideal assumptions that can be derived from the Quranic doctrines. Following that, he analyzes and criticizes the four theories in the light of the Quranic teachings. The writer is of the view that the Muslim experts of economics, considering their worldview foundations and the Quranic anthropology and epistemological means (revelation,intellect and experience), can bring about a new Islamic economics that should be distinct from the contemporary economics.

The legal system of the Quran, comparing to that of human’s legislations, enjoys unique characteristics. These features are not accessible in human-made schools of thought. The human were not aware of them until the revelation of Quran. The Holy Quran has always challenged the human beings and accompanied the prophetic claim. The legal inimitability of the Quran has different aspects such as: presenting a phenomenal, harmonious, progressive, moderate, innovative and inspiring legal system. The very system is exceptionally in harmony with the primordial nature of the human and each of the legal codes and articles is provided with sound foundations. On the other hand we face with many legal theories [theorizations] that the human after centuries have partly realized them and still some secrets of those theories are unclear for them. Thus, this aspect of the Quran is the subdivision of the true prophecies from the unseen world. Another aspect of the legal inimitability of the Quran is the present fundamental characteristics in legislation of the rulings and the specific legal system of Islam. For instance, the Quranic legal system is has taken the following principles into account: monotheism, divine revelation, systematic approach, close relation between legal laws and the divine attributes, the rotation of ethical and spiritual values around justice, the legal codes’ harmony with the human’s primordial nature and abilities. Moreover, the Islamic legal system is based on the following principles: putting forth the general principles and avoiding the particulars, the gradual description of the rulings, the rulings’ establishment on the principle of expediency and corruption, rationality, comprehensiveness, avoiding allusion and superstition, having various guarantees for the laws. The present writing is conducted to describe some miraculous aspects of the Quran particularly the Quranic legislative inimitability.

The Holy Quran, in several verses, has referred to scientific issues. Putting forth the Quranic scientific hints will be deemed as scientific miracle and prophecies; because some of these scientific references at the time of revelation were unknown and it took centuries that the human could realize part of these miracles. The exegesis called Namunah paid heed to new discoveries and scientific inimitability of the Quran while commenting on scientific verses. The present article has collected and partly analyzed the Quran’s scientific inimitability in the exegesis of Namunah. These are the following fourteen cases: decoration of sky with stars, the distinct position and direction of stars, the rotational and processional motions of the sun, the motion of the earth, the law of gravity, the rain prepares the land for sowing the seeds, parity on plants, resurrection of energies, formation of all substances from atom, social life of honeybees, human’s creation fromblood, bone formation in the embryo, air gets thinner at altitude and the existence of cuts through mountains.

The Holy Quran having a limited size contains an extensiveamount of human’s knowledge. The holy Quran has given the top priority to the religious principles and then to the socio-historical reflections. These verses on the one hand show the significance and necessity of these subjects and on the other hand demonstrate the prime concern of the Quran to these questions. It entails that there should exist a social interpretation of the Quran too. The current writing firstly points at the exegetes’ method in interpreting these verses. He actually draws attention to different rational, mystical, theological, traditional and Quranic exegetical approaches along with the general principles governing the exegesis. The writer underscores the point that social exegesis enjoys particular foundations and methods and can be presented in a comprehensive Ijtihadi (Independent Reasoning) method that ends to production of knowledge. This method, however, escapes from two radical traditional and liberal interpretations. In social exegesis, the exegete pays attention to intellect, avoids Israelite traditions, focuses deeply on contemporary needs and studies the Quran from social perspective. Later, he describes briefly the methodological differences of the Quran with the dominant scientific methods and says that the Quran does not limit its self in particular frameworks and uses various rational, historical, sacred and sometimes combined methods. But what must be kept in mind about the methodology of Quran is that a monotheistic spirit should dominate all these methods otherwise turning a blind eye to this fact makes this discussion an incomplete debate.

The Quran is the heavenly book of the Muslims; an eternal and universal book that has appropriately posed various materials in different aspects to guide and educate the human. The cosmological and scientific issues are not an exception in this regard. The present article is written with the title of “the cosmos and the design argument from perspective of the Quran and exegetes” to describe the very purpose. The research initially describes the concept and existence of order in the whole universe and then points at the following issues: the divine manifestations in the heavenly skies, Allamah Tabatabia’s views on the design argument in the heavenly bodies, interweaving and unraveling of the heavens, expansion of sky, the humans’ position in the cosmos and finally the purposes of the Quran from pointing at such cosmological issues.

This research while taking advantage of ISI’s indexes deals with the scientific productions in the Quranic field. The research covers the indexes that are accessible in ISI’s bank data in the years 1990-2011. The study shows that the scientific productions in the Quranic field being recorded in the ISI’s data bank reach 292 documents. The first top three ranks are covered by universities of Michigan, King Saud and School of Oriental African Studies. The process of scientific production proves that since 2005 the Quranic researches have been increasingly on the rise. Iran’s share in the global scientific productions in the Quranic field has been fifteen documents that amounts 14/5 percent of the whole scientific productions. The article with the title of "Islamic perspective on human cloning and stem cell research" is cited as the most referred and effective article of Iran in the Quranic field.