Journal of Caring Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Sep 2014

Endotracheal tube suctioning is essential for improve oxygenation in the patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. There are two types of shallow and deep endotracheal tube suctioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shallow and deep suctioning methods on respiratory rate (RR), arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and number of suctioning in patients hospitalized in the intensive care units of Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. In this randomized controlled trial, 74 patients who hospitalized in the intensive care units of Isfahan Al-Zahra Hospital were randomly allocated to the shallow and deep suctioning groups. RR and SpO2 were measured immediately before, immediately after, 1 and 3 minute after each suctioning. Number of suctioning was also noted in each groups. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA), chi-square and independent t-tests. RR was significantly increased and SpO2 was significantly decreased after each suctioning in the both groups. However, these changes were not significant between the two groups. The numbers of suctioning was significantly higher in the shallow suctioning group than in the deep suctioning group. Shallow and deep suctioning had a similar effect on RR and SpO2. However, shallow suctioning caused further manipulation of patient’s trachea than deep suctioning method. Therefore, it seems that deep endotracheal tube suctioning method can be used to clean the airway with lesser manipulation of the trachea.

Considering the prevalence of Jaundice in newborn infants and the risk of developing acute Bilirubin encephalopathy, in early weeks after birth. the importance of Infancy, as well as positive effects of giving massage on physical and behavioral growth and evolution of infants, the current study has been aimed to investigate the effects of Vimala massage on neonatal physiological Jaundice. This is a single blind clinical trial study, 43 healthy term infants, with 1st day Bilirubin levels of less than 5mg/dl, carried out in Tabriz Al-Zahra hospital. Newborns were selected through convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Control group received routine care, while newborns of intervention group received four days of Vimala massage starting from the first day of their birth. Main variables of study include transcutaneous Bilirubin and frequency of defecation. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS Ver.13 through Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. There were no statistical significant differences between two groups for skin bilirubin, however the number of defecations in the intervention group exceeded than of control group, and was statistically significant. The Results show that Vimala massage within four days has no effect on increasing process of bilirubin, yet can affect the incidence rate of physiological Jaundice and care of infants by increasing defecation frequency.

Improving the lifestyle of infertile couples led to the preservation of their performance, increase their quality of life, and reduce health cost. So, the aims of this study were to determine the health-promoting lifestyle and its predictors among infertile couples. In a cross-sectional, analytical study 322 infertile couples referred to an infertility clinic in Tabriz was participated with convenience sampling method. The demographic and the standard Health Promoting Lifestyle-II (HPLP II) questionnaires were completed by all couples individually. For determining the demographic predictors of health-promoting lifestyle, the multivariate linear regression was used. The mean (standard deviation) score of health-promoting lifestyle in couples was 2.4 (0.4) of the achievable score ranged from 1 to 4. The highest mean score was for nutrition subscale 2.6 (0.5) in both men and women and the lowest mean score was for physical activity subscale in women 2.1(0.5) and men 2.3(0.5) and health responsibility subscale (2.3(0.5) in both men and women. Educational level, cause of infertility, adequacy of income for living expense, and living situation were predictors of health-promoting lifestyle. The results showed that participants do not carry out all health-promoting behaviors, especially physical activity and health responsibility, in an acceptable level. These behaviors have an important role in improving the quality of life, health maintenance, and fertility. Thus, the provision of strategies, including those in accordance with predictors of health-promoting behaviors, is important for improving the health status of infertile couples.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children, and is considered as a global health problem. According to the guidelines of childhood Asthma, parental education in order to improve their knowledge and self-efficacy should be considered in clinical care. Therefore, this study was performed with the purpose of investigating the influence of multimedia education on knowledge and self-efficacy among parents of children with Asthma. This study is a clinical trial which was carried out on 50 parents of children with Asthma. Three instruments, i.e. demographic information, assessing knowledge and self-efficacy among parents of children were administrated to collect the required data sets. Reliability and validity of the instruments were assessed and the multimedia education was carried out for the experimental group. Data analysis was done using SPSS 13 and descriptive inferential statistical tests (independent t-test and Mann-Whitney). History of Asthma was present in majority 52% among families of the children and 54% reported smoking in their home. The average scores of knowledge and self-efficacy in the experimental group showed an increase after multimedia education methods, so that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The results obtained in this study also demonstrate that educating parents through multimedia technology increase their knowledge and self–efficacy in their care of children.

One of the most common complications of IUD users is bleeding and dysmenorrhea. These complications vary in the different types of IUDs. The aim of this study was to compare the bleeding and dysmenorrhea in ML CU 375 IUD and Copper T 380A IUD. This randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed on 48 women in a health care centres from January to October 2012, in Tabriz, Iran. Participants allocated into two equal groups of receiving IUD ML CU 375 or receiving IUD Copper T 380A in randomized blocking method. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and Higham chart and Visual Analog Scale 1 month before IUD insertion and 4 months after IUD insertion. Analysis of covariance, ANOVA with repeated measures, Friedman, Ordinal regression and SPSS Ver. 13 were used to analysis the data. The results showed that the mean score of bleeding in the first four months after IUD insertion in IUD ML CU 375 users was significantly lower than IUD Copper T 380A group. In the third and fourth months in both groups showed severity of dysmenorrhea in group IUD ML CU 375 was lower than IUD Copper T 380A. The results showed that the duration of dysmenorrhea in the first four months after IUD insertion in IUD ML CU 375 group was significantly lower than IUD Copper T 380A group. Counseling and educating women by family planning service providers about both Copper T 380A and ML CU 375 IUDs before taking IUD is recommended.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease parasite which can infect human and animals. The infection may be serious if is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies and the associated risk factors for toxoplasmosis in students attending high-school in Ajabshir. In this descriptive study, 549 blood samples were collected from high school girls. The samples divided into two groups (147 and 402 samples from rural and urban schools respectively). IgG and IgM specific antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of study showed that from 402 urban samples, 50 (12.4) and 34(8.5) cases and from 147 rural samples, 38 (25.9) and 32 (21.8) cases were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies respectively. Of the risk factors studied, the significant association was found between T. gondii-specific antibodies with residency and age. Based on data found in our study, 87.6% of young girls from urban areas in Ajabshir did not have antibodies to Toxoplasma and this is a very important issue, because these young women were in fertile age. Therefore required Preventive and control programs especially in these cases in order to reduce the rate of disease.

Studies indicate that hypertension is prevalent in Iran, however, the reports are heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of hypertension and the rate of follow-up in a sample of population over 30 years old in Kashan city. A descriptive study was conducted on people screened for hypertension in the project of “monitoring the health of Iranian population” in Kashan city at April 2013. Among all completed screening forms, 5000 forms were selected randomly. Required data were extracted from these forms and were recorded on a checklist that was consisted of 9 questions on demographics characteristics and 10 questions about follow-up. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, paired t-test and pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. Totally, 5% of the enrolled people had a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure over 90 mmHg. Only 92 subjects with high blood pressure were available via telephone. Also, 42.42% of cases refused to answer. From all subjects who were available and answered the study questions, 50% had been referred to a physician after 5.17 (6.05) days. Of these, 52.2% were diagnosed as being hypertensive. Lacking time was the main reason for non-referral. The incidence of hypertension was less than other studies but the rate of follow-up was low. Nurses and Iranian nursing organization are suggested to conduct a nationwide screening and follow-up project to improve the rate of early diagnosis and help people in better management of hypertension.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered as one of the leading causes of maternal mortality during pregnancy and postpartum period. In this retrospective study the medical records of 81 women diagnosed with Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) between 2009 and 2012 in Tabriz Al-Zahra hospital was participated. These cases were evaluated regarding frequency, maternal and fetus risk factors associated with VTE. During 3 years 33 patients were diagnosed as PTE; 7 women were diagnosed as DVT and PTE; and 41 women were diagnosed as DVT. Most frequent underlying disease was hypertension (13.5%) and most frequent symptoms of PTE and DVT were dyspnea (100%) and swelling of lower limb (100%) respectively. 93% of PTE and 79% of DVT incidences occurred during and after the third trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, 38% of PTE occurred during or after childbirth (33% following cesarean and 5% following vaginal delivery). Therefore, it seems that vaginal delivery is safer than cesarean surgery. In addition, the importance of third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum period is obvious.