فصلنامه تاریخ فرهنگ و تمدن اسلامی
پیاپی 17 (زمستان 1393)

Among the therapeutic approaches in ophthalmology science، the cutting method is deemed to be the most delicate and specialized method. Simultaneous investigation of the knowledge about the disease، therapeutic precision and techniques of the Muslimophthalmologists is the main focus of this research while the secondary focus revolves around the investigation of the educational resources and methods of these texts. Studying the important texts related to ophthalmology science gives us the sightthat the ophthalmologists had a clear and distinct recognition from different ocular diseases. Classifying the disease based on its cause and location show this recognition clearly. The educational course of these texts has been commenced by theoretical medication and after diagnosis، it has dealt with practical (experimental) medicationwhich is a precise description of technique usage of appropriate instruments putting emphasis on observing all of the precautionary principles and also being highly correspondent to the modern methods of this science in all stages of treatment. Therefore، along with practical education، it provides the essentials for students sothat the content of the outstanding works of this science have been exactly written based on this educational approach.

The paper intends to investigate the history of industry and technology in the scientific literature of Islamic civilization and in the case of a theory being proposed, it will be represent by the modern literature. The main question is that whether the conceptsof industry and technology in Islamic civilization have been discussed and studied by the Muslim scholars or not. Referring to works written by the scientists such as Farabi, Ikhwan al-Safa, Naserkhosrow, Ibnekhaldun, Khawje Nasir Toosi, and Mirfendereski, it could be shown that they have created consolidated logical and theoretical principles for industry and technology. Rather than dealing with evidences and different branches of industry, the focus of the paper is on its nature, purposes, functions, types, and effects. Therefore, the topics of the paper should be relatively included in the field of philosophy of technology and be considered as a philosophy of. The main conclusion of the paper is that the proposed theories by Muslim scholars about industry can construct a part of philosophy of industry and technology in the Islamic period.

Influenced by abnormal situations afflicting Islam world, and also having a deep awareness and understanding of intellectual principles of west and east, Allameh Iqbal Lahori (1256-1317) saw himself committed to the Muslim􀀂s faith. The main questions which the paper attempts to provide answers for include: what factors are known for Allameh Iqbal to be the causes of the Muslim􀀂s underdevelopment? What are his proposed solutions for this underdevelopment? Is it possible to interpret the present realities in the contemporary Muslim countries by Iqbal􀀂s thoughts and whether it is possible to find Iqbal􀀂s ideal society in east or not. The theoretical framework of the study is taken fromdependency school especially Paul Baran`s opinion. The study has a library method. The factors of the Muslims􀀂 underdevelopment are divided into two internal and external parts and the solution strategies divided into two micro and macro levels.

There is a group of narrations including prediction of Imam Hasan peace by the prophet and they have been reflected widely in Sunnis narrative collections. According to these narrations, the prophet announced the peace made by Imam Hasan among twolarge groups of Muslims and this prediction was borne out in the year 41 AH being known as the congregational year. Aiming to achieve the accuracy of this narration, the paper initially seeks the hadiths document and the direction of its quotation identifyingthat the hadiths origin refers to the Sunni communities and its main narrator is Hasan Basri (D. 110 AH). Then, the hadith text is criticized by applying text criticism criteria and it is known to be in accordance with Hasan Basris peace-oriented and mystical thoughts and opinions. Finally, it is concluded that the mentioned hadith has been developed and some of its parts are distorted.

The paper is an attempt to investigate the role and position of Islamic period archaeology in recognition of Islamic culture and civilization. For this purpose, initially, it has been dealt with definition and origin of Islamic archaeology. Subsequently, by analysis of two periods of cultural indices in Islamic history of Iran (Alebouyeh and Safavid era), the factors of development and prosperity of social life and also downturn factors in other historical periods were studied. Finally, the interaction methods of this field with the field of humanities and its affective process on qualitative and quantitative promotion of humanities subjects have been discussed. The authors believe that emphasizing on theepistemological aspects of Islam religion and Shi`a along with strengthening national and regional spirit of solidarity and also noticing the common heritage, Islamic period archaeology can play a significant role in revival of Islamic culture and civilization of Iran.

Anbooran region or todays Mamasani county has had an especial situation as a communicating bridge of three political, commercial, and economic centers of Pasargad, Shoosh, Kohgiluyeh and Bushehr (Reyshahr). Because of being located on the Shahi road of Estakhr to shoosh and also being located on the commercial road of Jenabeh (Genaveh)Deylam to Tavaj and also a division of the commercial road of spices, this territory has always had a vital and prominent role. This exceptional situation had created a privileged status with a fundamental function in the social and economic conditions of that period in south part of Iran. Accordingly, the paper intends to deal with historical geography of Mamasani and to illustrate the role of connecting and commercial roads of this region.