نشریه امامت پژوهی
پیاپی 21 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

Among the hadiths related to the science of the Imam, the enlightenment of Imam is one of the concepts which have been endorsed by all the Imams (AS). The present study seeks to extract and support this Shi’a hadith from the Qur’an by citing the teachings of the Enlightenment of the Imam to the verses of the Qur’an. In this regard, by analyzing the verses, “the family of hadiths of the Enlightenment of Imam” has been documented in groups. The tradition of the God in the granting of the sciences to the previous messengers has been examined, so long as this tradition about them is fixed in an incremental way, it is also hypothised to be true about Khatam-Al-Anbia and his family. Also, the verses directly referring to “The Enlightenment of the Imams (AS)” are  also reviewed. The findings show that, although the Enlightenment of  the Imams is not mentioned in the Quran, there is some evidence in  Quran which confirms this hadith belief. Even the details of Imamiyya  thoughts can be proved to be true by the Quran. The collection of the  verses of “Laylat al-Qadr” refers to the enlightenment of Imam; the  angels are sent down to the Imam by the God in the night of Qadr,  and they enlighten the Imam from the Lord, and since the night of  Qadr and the descent of the angels in this night is continuous, such an  enlightenment will continue until the Day of Resurrection

Imams (AS) have expressed the issue of urgency in divine authorities in a large collection of narratives and in various forms. The present study aims to investigate the issue of “urgency for divine authority” in the narratives by “Kitab al-Kafi” and other ancient Hadiths narrators, and to study the amount of attention and emphasis of the religious authorities on this issue, using a descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, the present study seeks to provide the following aspects and dimensions of the urgency of divine authorities by examining the narratives of Imams (AS) and referring to the implications and prerequisites of their words:the necessity of the existence of authority for the survival of the Earth, the expression of religion and the religious orders, the possibility of following, the elimination of human disagreement, the preservation of religion and the heavenly books of distortion, interpretation and explanation, the acceptance of obedience. An examination of each of the aforementioned aspects showed that the destruction of the earth in the absence of divine authority was not violated by the ascension of Jesus (AS) or the ascension of the Prophet (PBUH). The narrations that emphasize the necessity of the existence of the authority for the introduction of the Ancillaries of the Faith, and halal and haram, do not mean the need for direct access and immediate access to them, but these narratives seek to introduce the correct path of access to the knowledge; Although this can be performed due to the trust towards knowledgeable people and sahabah, this trustworthy quotes and narratives of hadiths of Ahlul-Bayt (AS) has been approved. The necessity of being an Oswah of divine authority is not its sensual and superficial existence. Except for the urgency of authority for the survival of the Earth that is a genetic need; other aspects of urgency are a dignity of the authority and its non-obligatory duties.

In the thought of Imamiyya, Imamah is a divine appointment like Prophethood. Accordingly, the selection and appointment of the Imam is considered to be exclusive to the ignorance and will of God, like the selection and appointment of the prophet. The present study seeks to demonstrate that the “divine appointment of the Imams” like other authentic Islamic knowledge is rooted in the Qur’an and prophetic tradition, by studying the library and the descriptive-analytical method, relying on biography and the words of Hazrat Zahra (SA). Thefindingsshow that Hazrat Zahra (SA) considered the event of Saqifa as a deviation from the prescribed path of God and the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). In order to confront this deviation and in the defense of the Amir al-Mu’minin (PBUH), she has placed the center of reasoning and arguments and even his complaints in the divine position of Imamh. The result is that “the idea of  the divine appointment of the Imams”, as the basis of the theory of the Shi’ite Imamah, has been raised since the early days of the Prophet’s revelation until the last moments of his life, despite what is claimed by the critics of the theory of Imamah.

Tabarra and Taqiyah are the two accepted teachings of the Imamiyya, which begin from the domains of belief and ends in the behavioral aspect; these two teachings have two different results, and lead the Shiites of Imami into opposite direction. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the confrontation between the Tabarra and the Taqiyah and its results based on verses and narrations. The results indicate that although Tabarra and Taqiyah have two different perspectives, they do not confront each other, but complement each other's activities in preserving, promoting and promoting religion. Tabarra and Taqiyah are two doctrines that are in harmony with each other and for the attainment of a single goal at the lowest cost, but the way believers behave depends on social conditions in any time. The believers have to properly evaluate the conditions and subsequently, selection of a proper behavior in accordance with existing conditions. This positioning can prevent the surrendering of wisdom and insistence on a clear Tabarra in all circumstances, as well as the fear and expression of untimely weakness, as Taqiyah, and unites the believers of every age to take advantage of the most effective method of religion.

The correct interpretation of the Surah “Al-Adiyat” proves one of the virtues of Amir al-Momenin (AS). The present research tries to resolve the interpretive differences of the Surah “Al-Adiyat”. To this end, according to the interpretations and other sources of the Shiite and the Sunni who reported this incident, we studied the words and resolved the narratives’ conflict regarding the cause behind surrendering of this Sura. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper performs a comparative study of the interpretations of the Shiite and the Sunni to examine the perspectives on the use of the term "Adiyat" and to seek solutions to the conflict between the narratives of the Sunni people in the context of the cause behind surrendering of the Surah Al-Adiyat, and the elimination of the difference in historical sources of the Shiite and the Sunni in explaining "Ghazw of Zatol-Salasel". The results show that, as for the meaning of the term "Adiyat" the commentators have presented four probabilities: Hajjis’ camels, horses in general, army horse, and horses in a special jihad. The fourth theory is consistent with both atmosphere and context, and rhetorical and statement interpretation of the Sura, and as well as with the literary principles and terminology of the words "Dhabihah" and "Ghadah", as well as with the narratives behind surrendering of this Sura. The surah al- Adiyat has been surrendered in Medina after the Muslim’s Jihad, led by Imam Ali (AS) and their victory in the Ghazw of "Zatol-Salasel". Since before the surrendering of the Sura, something important was threatening the Prophet (PBUH), and three of the Sahabah did not succeed in delivering the necessary results in defeating the enemies, this is considered to be a Meccan sura so keep some certain truth hidden. The narratives behind surrendering of this Sura in Sunni sources have been questioned due to the many anxieties and conflicts and lack of harmony with the words and atmosphere of the surah, and the shortcomings of their historical sources have been explained in the description of the "Ghazw of Zatol-Salasel." By deleting the parts related to the command of Imam Ali (as), they associate it with 'Amr ibn al-'As who plays a smart part in what happens in this war.

Mohammad bin Khalil Moghaddasi, from the Shafi‘i scholars of the ninth century AH, in the book "Al-rad Ali al-Rafiza" (Denying the rejectors), rejects Imam Ali’s (as) sovereignty against other Sahabah and finds some problems with the “Hadith of Position.” The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of his speech with an emphasis on Sunni books. A review of various sources suggests that Moghaddasi has not been able to deny the authenticity of the "Hadith of Position"; He cites narratives that are similar to this narrative to find some virtue for the first and second caliphs, which their falseness is verifiable. Given the absolute expression of Aaron's position compared to Moses (as), Imam Ali (as) has all of A'aron's positions towards toward the Prophet (s) - apart from prophecy – as compared with A'aron' towards Moses (as). Also, the Hadith of Position proves the sovereignty of Imam Ali (pbuh) against other Sahabah since A'aron' was the supreme person among the people of Moses (as); so it is imperative that Imam Ali (AS) be superior among the people of the Prophet (pbuh).