فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق بشر اسلامی
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1391)

In Quran's view, God created all the humans and this equality in creation causes the minimum rights for their. In view of Quran, God say that the man known as Successor of God. This indicates the value personality of Man. In view of Quran, Man exists and can achieve the authority of substitute of God. God gave him inspiration of God's spirit, and dignity. (... And surely we have honored the children of Adam and we carry them in the land … Asra 70-)

Self-determination as a human right and belonging to the public will benefit the nation. Updated and continue influence the decision of public in process of making decisions of a country, is the most important indicator for understanding to run or stay stuck this right within a political system. Moreover, self-determination is not only in the political dimension. Economic and social aspects of this right have been identified in international documents and interpretations. As a result, evaluation of respecting to right of self determination requires an analysis of economic, political and social about discussed Country. This paper according to the these analyzes and cases, is trying to find answers to these questions that what is going on in Syria, is the subject self-determination or is Non-legal Event that no jammed in this rights and Pillars.

Human rights are issue that will be discussed in various fields such as religion, law, sociology, economics, politics and international relations. Legal Systems, lawyers, governments, nations, even persons with every faith and culture around the world react to human rights issues and events. Of contemporary issues that followed with special sensitivity is “Relation of Human Rights and Religion". This subject can be discussed regarding to the issue of religion and principles of each legal system. Secular legal systems, with particular regard of religion and reliance on reason, thought human rights are phenomenon upon religious and human qualified legislation in human rights. The legal system of Islam belief in the universality of religion and deep relation between human and God, and recognized human rights as a phenomena within the religious in territory of expectations human of religion. Studies show that experimental science and the conventional wisdom secular legal systems are incapable understanding of human and reality of human and explanation necessaries of human rights. The most important objection to theory of human rights upon religious is ignoring the deep relation of human with God and the relation of human rights with world's monotheistic. Rely on a comprehensive understanding reality of human and human rights by source of beyond power human (divine revelation) specialized Islamic legal system.

The concept of freedom is very important in Islam, because in view of Islam, human is free beings and should always maintain her privacy of freedom so freedom is a right inherent in every human being and he can not deny. In Nahjolbalaghe and insight of Imam Ali (AS) there are great emphases on the concept of freedom. Principles governing theocracy in Nahjolbalaghe is avoiding compulsion and reluctantly and according to freedom and rights. In this paper, the definition of freedom, diversity of freedom such as intellectual freedom, freedom of conscience, freedom of expression, and freedom of parties and minorities and freedom of choosing the governor of theocracy in views of Nahjolbalaghe has been well studied, It is also discussed about ranges of freedom.

Minority rights are the important issues to the international community and one of the major concerns in the discourse of legal justice. Minorities have rights in the legal systems which can be measured to evaluating the touchstone of the legal system. In Islam, the rights of minorities, especially religious minorities are taken into account. The main argument in this paper is that in the government of Prophet (PBUH), what rights and powers for religious and racial minorities is considered and where is the range of these rights? What is certain is that Prophet Muhammad's own behavior as well as respect for the rights of minorities is being implemented. This good behavior and respectful behavior are well realized associated with religious and racial minorities. As far as the Prophet (PBUH) signed with some minorities agreement entitled "Contract obligation" Under which minorities accept the obligations of the Islamic State. In contrast the government recognized for their, rights and powers, such as establishing security, securing religious freedom and religious services, options housing and employment, etc.

Today, the issue of human rights is an important issue in the international community and despite various violations taking place in different countries, International organizations and countries still have not reached that level of power and authority are committed to preventing. In recent years, the Security Council imposed a narrow interpretation of the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of countries in the United Nations and in many cases, the decisions of international resolutions issued to various causes. The important points in this thread, respect for and observance of the United Nations to apply the principles human rights legislation. The Security Council has not met many of human rights and claims dealing with human rights violations in specific countries. One of the victims of overt discrimination, is particularly resolutions against the Islamic Republic's nuclear activities. It seems that the powers of the Council and the procedures developed Theory limits the powers of the Council in respect of fundamental human rights has been questioned and undermined. So, especially in the binding resolutions against Iran's peaceful nuclear program, clearly, some of these rights have been infringed that this marks uncertain future for decisions of the Security Council in line with the claim and human dignity.

Subject of the rights and duties is fundamental issues in all schools and differences in views of these cases causes the boundaries of the school. Studying Nahjolbalaghe shows that Ali (AS) in this issue with a unique theory run not only their personal lives but also in the government's five-year, based on the Quran and considered. Arguments rights and duties based on human rights provided after Renaissance While Ali (AS) that put the focus on God and pays on this basis to regulate relations between individuals and between individuals and the government. This paper briefly with a new looks of the rights and duties from the perspective of Ali (AS) decided to examine.