International Journal Of Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Summer2012

The development of reliable processes for the synthesis of Nanoparticles is an important aspect of nanotechnology. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles could have innumerable applications in different areas such as reception, catalyzers, biolabellers, etc. In the present review, we emphasize the richness of the microbial world which encompasses a plethora of endophytic entities as an emerging tool in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The present review is the first of its kind wherein it gives an idea and vision of unexplored applications of endophytes.

In this work facile sol-gel (pechni) method has been successfully established to synthesize Zn4B6O13 nanocrystals which have cubic crystals with lattice parameter: a =7.48 A. The structure and morphology of the obtained material were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectra (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence analysis. The experimental results show a band gap of 3.306 eV for the synthesized materials. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations by GGA-PBE method show, the crystals belong to the semiconductors with an indirect energy band gap of about 3.289 eV. The calculated band gap using the GGA-PBE method is comparable with the experimental results. The optical properties include the dielectric spectra; absorption, reflectivity and energy-loss spectra, and the origin of spectral peaks were analyzed based on the electronic structures.

In this study adsorption of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (CNB) from aqueous solutions onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was surveyed. The effect of some key parameters such as pH (2-10), carbon nanotubes dosage (0.02-0.1 mg/250mL), CNB concentration (2- 16 mg/L), and temperature (20,30,40,50°C) were investigated. The results showed that, the variation of initial pH and CNB concentration exhibits no considerable change onto MWCNTs adsorption process. Results showed that the adsorption is independent of temperature and reveals that the adsorption is physisorption. A trend of increment in adsorption capacity with increment in adsorbent dosage was observed. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. It was found that the pseudo-second order kinetic model was the better model, describing the adsorption kinetics of CNB onto MWCNTs. Adsorption isotherm of CNB onto MWCNTs was determined at various concentration of CNB. Data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and isotherm constants were determined. The equilibrium data for MWCNTs was best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model.

The purpose of this study was to produce oil in water Nano-emulsion by ultrasonication, and investigate the influence of Inulin and β-cyclodextrin on the prosperities of Nano-emulsion and morphology of spray dried microcapsules. The results showed that emulsion droplet size in samples containing β-cyclodextrin (8.28±0.11 nm) was less than Inulin samples (97.12±4.2 nm). Considering SEM photos, β-cyclodextrin had smooth surface and spherical compared with Inulin that emulsion size had profound influence on morphology of particles.

this work, we report the effect of biopolymers (starch and gelatin) on in vitro biocompatibility property of nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composites. Cell culture and MTT assays were performed for in vitro biocompatibility. They show that nHAp can affect the proliferation of cells and the nHAp-starch and nHAP-gelatin biocomposites have no negative effect on the cell morphology, viability and proliferation. By evaluation of MTT results it seems that starch composite is more biocompatible compare to gelatin one.

A novel and selective method for the fast determination of trace amounts of Cu(II) ions in water samples has been developed. The procedure is based on the selective formation of Cu(II) at optimum pH by elution with organic eluents and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is based on complex formation on the surface of the ENVI-18 DISKTM disks modified Schiff base-chitosan grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (S-CS-MWCNTs) followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amounts of appropriate organic solvents. The elution is efficient and quantitative. The effect of potential interfering ions, pH, S-CS-MWCNTs amount, stripping solvent, and sample flow rate were also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the break-through volume was found to be about 1000mL providing a preconcentration factor of 600. The maximum capacity of the disks was found to be 398±3 μg for Cu2+. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 5 ng per 1000 mL. The method was applied to the extraction and recovery of copper in different water samples.

In this paper we report synthesis of Fe2TiO5-5A zeolite (Z5A) nanocomposites with 5%, 10% and 20% weight percent of Fe2TiO5 in 5A zeolite in stearic acid media after calcination of the gel samples obtained at 600-900°C for 2 hrs. The powder X-RAY diffraction (XRD) patterns have been used for characterization of the prepared samples. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray Energy Dispersion (EDX) results were used to determine the size and composition of Fe2TiO5-Z5A nanocomposites. Differential porosity value of Fe2TiO5-Z5A nanocomposite samples in comparison with the 5A zeolite were obtained by Brunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET) method. A Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) was used to determine magnetic behavior of 20% Fe2TiO5-Z5A and pure Fe2TiO5. The results indicated the change of erromagnetism to the superparamagnetism behavior due to the small particle size and a high value of calcan and methylene blue degradation (63 and 99% respectively) for 20% Fe2TiO5-Z5A.

In this work we report synthesis and magnetic characterization of cobalt doped ZnO nanoparticles (with different percent of doped cobalt oxide). Synthesis of the materials was carried out at room temperature by polyacrylamide-gel method, using zink sulfate and cobalt nitrate as source materials, acrylamide as monomer and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide as a lattice reagent. Characterization of the samples were performed using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The X-ray diffraction patterns obtained showed formation of wurtzite ZnO structure with no secondary Co phases. The EDS measurements were employed to investigate the composition of the samples and showed the presence of Zn and cobalt elements detected.The optical absorption spectra showed internal d-d transitions related to Co2+ incorporated on the Zn lattice site of ZnO structure. The red-shift of the band-gap edge has been attributed to a merging of donor and conduction bands due to the Co doping. The magnetic behavior of prepared cobalt doped samples was finally investigated at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that, the Co doped ZnO. Nanoparticles with 2at% CoO is ferromacnetic at RT. This magnetic property is greatly suppressed and replaced by a paramagnetism behavior at higher doping levels.