International Journal Of Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Spring 2017

The photodegradation of Direct Blue 258, a member of the group of azo dyes which are commonly used in the various branches of the industry, was studied. The photostability of this dye was not previously surveyed. Photocatalytic degradation method was evaluated. The both light source include solar simulated (UV 400 W lamp) and sun light (E= 400 W/m2) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were used as irradiation sources and photocatalysts, respectively. Several factors such as reaction time, pH and nano-TiO2 concentration and UV source were investigated. Using a 24 factorial matrix, the pH and the nano-TiO2 concentration are the main parameters influencing the degradation rate of DB258. Subsequently, a central composite design methodology has been investigated to determine the optimal experimental parameters for DB258 degradation. After only 30 min of treatment time, high removal of DB258 was achieved by the photo catalyst process under day light (96 %) compared to the UV 400 W lamp. The day light and UV 400 W lamp applied under optimal operating conditions (at 30 min, 0.5 g/L nano-TiO2 and under pH 7) is capable to degrade around 96 % and 96.4 % of DB258, respectively. Since, UV source is not only hazardous but also expensive because of large input of electric power to generate UV irradiation. According to the results, sunlight assisted nano-TiO2 could be effectively used for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in wastewater.

Nano Bioactive glass material of the type CaO–P2O5–SiO2 was obtained by the sol-gel processing method at considerably lower temperatures than required for conventional melting methods. As a new modification, volume of solution was changed in order to investigate its effects on the properties of bioglass samples. The obtained material was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), surface electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the properties of the sol-gel derived bioactive powders. More homogeneous nano bioactive glass with almost 20 nm particles was obtained by higher volume of solution.

The effect of milling on the particle size and mechanical properties Tungsten Carbide - Cobalt composite were investigated. First, raw materials ratios by mechanical milling for 4 hours at 300 rpm were mixed. The powder in the optimum temperature 1350°C at a rate of temperature rise 50°C / min and shelf life of 4 minutes and the pressure MPa 30 were sintered in SPS. The results indicated nearly full dense was obtained for sample. The calculated mechanical properties revealed optimum amounts of 14.25 GPa hardness, 772 MPa bending strength and 13.86 MPa.m1/2 fracture toughness. The XRD analysis indicated the dominant identified phases was WC. The FESEM observation showed presence of Co between ceramic particles as binder.

An electro-optic tunable single and multi-channel optical filter based on one-dimensional defective photonic crystal (1DDPC) structure is proposed. A couple of externally tunable defects in arrangement of (AB)5D1(BA)D2(BA)5, where A and B are dielectric materials, D1 and D2 are the tunable defects are used. The defects are composed of the ferroelectric LiNbO3 crystals and two pairs of thin Ag layers to make the voltage connections. With this arrangement it is possible to apply different external biases that facilitate the tunability and even more adjustability of the channel frequencies. Depending on the thickness of defect layers, a single or multi resonant peak can be induced inside the photonic band gap which can be employed to filter channels. About 37 nm (46 nm) of blue shift for 300 V and 37 nm (37 nm) of red shift for -300 V biases are observed without (and with) loss incorporation. An important and notable effect that happened was the dispersion loss of the structure due to metal layers is compensated by the negative biases. Our proposed structure can be good candidate to design an externally tunable optical filter and a voltage sensor with potential applications in all-optical signal processing and information communications fields.

Nanoparticles are widely used in different applications such as cancer cell treatment and antibacterial agents. SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized successfully by hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination using Tin (II) chloride- dihydrate, Sodium hydroxide, in presence of Hexadecyltrimethylammoniumn bromide (CTAB) as Surfactant. These nanoparticles were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD pattern showed that all diffraction peaks were assigned to the pure tetragonal phase of SnO2 and SEM image of pure SnO2 showed that the nanoparticles are homogeneous with uniform particle size. In this research SnO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized.

BaFe2O4 nanostructures have been synthesized through a simple sonochemical reduction approach. X-ray diffraction characterization suggested that the product consists of cubic phase pure BaFe2O4. The as-prepared products were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) study further confirmed the composition and purity of the product. The synthesis procedure is simple and uses less toxic reagents than the previously reported methods. Other factors, such as the reaction time, temperature, different capping agent and the reductant type also have an influence on the morphology of the final products to some extent. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized products has been compared for degradation and removal of organic pollutants.

Electroless composite coatings used for achieving of high hardness, lubrication properties, non-stick surface, abrasive coating applications that by impregnation of soft and hard particles into Ni matrix. Electroless Nickel-phosphorous coatings properties and performance is greatly affected by the amount of phosphorus in them. The phosphor in this coating usually varies from 1 to 13 percent. In this project we investigated effect of phosphor percent and distribution of it in alumina nanotube substrate. In this study we investigate effect of phosphor percent in distribution on substrate and our results suggest that the surfaces of Ni-P coatings are very complex in character, with a variety of features, which affect the function of the part in different ways.

Pulsating heat pipe is an efficient heat exchange device which is being used for cooling and heating recovery. In the present work, we made a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe with six U-turns and we used water in our system. Moreover the use of water-Fe3O4 nanofluid was studied with two different filling ratios 40% and 50% and 1% mass concentration. At the end we calculated heat resistance and heat transfer coefficients of water and water-Fe3O4 nanofluid in each step and compared the results and showed that 50% filling ratio was the best in our study. And water-Fe3O4 nanofluid has better heat transfer coefficient than water.