فهرست مطالب

Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials - Volume:6 Issue: 4, Winter 2017

International Journal Of Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Winter 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/11/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Sh. Shahsavari* Pages 177-183
    Nanotechnology can be applied as a common-purpose technology, as it has important impacts on almost all industries and all areas of science. In those early days, scientists and engineers have confirmed their study on the development of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields. Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications, since it incorporate knowledge from the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, and Engineering. Nanomaterials have some special properties due to their small size. The basic applications in the chemical engineering field are catalyst, sensor, coating, and adsorption and drug delivery. Notwithstanding many advantages, preparation and preserving the proper size of nanomaterials are the most desperate job. Chemical engineers play a fundamental role in the modeling and development of nanomaterials. The advances in nanomaterials necessitate parallel progress of the nanometrology tools and techniques to characterize and manipulate nanostructures. In the energy generation, compete where the conventional fuel resources cannot stay the dominant energy source, considering the increasing consumption request and the CO2 emissions further renewable energy sources based on maiden technologies have to be promoted. The present reviews clarify the different nanomaterials using in chemical engineering, their applications and procurement methods. Moreover, results of various patents and research articles have been summarized in this paper.
    Keywords: Catalysts, Chemical engineering, Energy reservoir, Nanomaterials, Petroleum
  • Gurdeep Rattu, Prayaga M. Krishna* Pages 185-203
    In food sector, there is a huge demand for rapid, reliable, user & eco-friendly biosensors to analyse the quality and safety of food products. Biosensor based methodology depends upon the recognition of a specific antigens or receptors by corresponding antibodies, aptamers or high-affinity ligands. The first scientifically commercialised sensors were the electrochemical sensors used for the analysis of multiple analytes. An electrochemical sensor is a device that produces analytical electrical signals based on a recognition element with an electrochemical transduction component. Utilization of nanomaterials (e.g. quantum dots, nanoparticles and nanowires) can significantly improve limits of detection of such devices. Electrical methods are ideally suitable for implementation of label-free detection approaches, which give a number of the advantages for the biomedical assays. Nanomaterials and modern microfabrication techniques gives the possibility of miniaturization and multiplex sensing. These make electrical methods more promising for applications in the point-of-care. This review gives an overview of alternative label-free electrochemical nanobiosensors in food analysis, safety and control management. The underlying principles and applications of these biosensors are discussed. Recent developments in biosensor systems with an electrochemical detection are also presented.
    Keywords: Amperometric, Electrochemical sensors, Food pathogen, Impedimetric, Potentiometric
  • H. Ebrahimian, M. Hashemiravan*, N. Zand Pages 205-213
    The pumpkin is an important kitchen garden crop with very high nutritional value and long lifetime for storage and lot of fiber that acts as one of the best preventive factors from morbid obesity, hypertension, and cardiac diseases. As pretreatment for dehydration, osmotic dehydration creates maximum possible quality in the product by transfer of water outside the tissue of the nutrient. In this study, pumpkin slices with dimensions of 1cm3 were immersed in edible coatings of carboxy methyl cellulose CMC (0.5, 1, 2%), and pectin (1, 2, 3%) for 30s and then they were put into sucrose osmotic solution (weight concentration 50 and 60%) by observance of weight ratio 10:1 (osmotic solution/ sample) for 3h and then in oven (80°C) in final drying for 3h. dried samples were analyzed in terms of lost water, absorption of solid materials, tissue hardness, and color. Sense assessment was done by 9 professional and expert raters via 5-point hedonic scale. To analyze data, 13 treatments were utilized with 3 iterations (12 treatments and one control sample) by means of factorial test within fully randomized design and Duncan’s multiple-range test. The amount of lost water was reduced in pumpkin slices by increase in concentration of carboxy methyl cellulose and pectin and sucrose osmotic solution. As concentration of carboxy methyl cellulose and pectin was added, the amount of absorbed substance was increased in pumpkin slices and by increase in concentration of sucrose osmotic solution, rate of absorbed substance was reduced in pumpkin slices. Tissue hardness was decreased by rising concentration of pectin. The mean difference in total color (ΔΕ) was increased following to increase in concentration of carboxy methyl cellulose, pectin, and sucrose osmotic solution. There was totally significant difference in concentration percent and type of edible coating and osmotic solution in terms of sense assessment of pumpkin slices (p
    Keywords: Carboxy methyl cellulose, Edible coating, Osmotic dehydration, Pectin, Pumpkin
  • M. Aghazadeh*, F. Aghazadeh Pages 215-220
    Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have always been attractive to scientists due to their wide range of applications, a great interest in diverse fields including nanotechnology due to their unique properties as new green solvents. It used large-scale for chemical and electrochemical synthesis nanomaterial. DESs have had also active role in improving the size and morphology of nanomaterial during synthesis stage. This paper reports on chemical methods using for decrease size and purification of commercial TiO2 powders by deep eutectic solvents (DESs). This method was based on the dissolution of TiO2 powders in a deep eutectic solvent (DES), followed by precipitation of TiO2 nanostructures from the DES upon introduction of antisolvent. Under appropriate conditions, the ethanol and water content of the antisolvent and the injection time of the TiO2 containing DES, the morphology of the resulting TiO2 nanostructures can be readily controlled. The present method can be readily extended to produce versatile nanostructures of other functional materials. We also studied morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles. Size of TiO2 particles were conformed ~60 nm.
    Keywords: Antisolvent, Dioxide Titanium nanoparticles, Natural deep eutectic solvents, Purification, Size control
  • S. Asadollahi *, E. Hosseini, A. Sorouri Pages 221-227
    Oils extracted from plants have been used since ancient times and in many cultures .frying oils are used in many countries all around the world including Iran. Therefore it is of great importance to ensure the safety of these food products which are usually delivered in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. This study has investigated the effect of storage time and temperature on the migration rate of phthalate compounds from PET bottle into frying oil. In more detail, migration rate of Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was measured in the 1st, 30th, and 60th days of storage within two different temperatures of 20 and 40 °C. At the both storage temperatures, increasing the storage time led to a statistically significant rise of the migration rate of phthalate compounds (p
    Keywords: Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Frying oil, Migration rate, Polyethylene terephthalate, Storage temperature
  • F. Nameni * Pages 229-237
    Introduction
    Delayed onset muscle soreness is known, muscle pain, soreness and discomfort feeling approximately 24-48 hours after exercise. The increased serum biochemical enzymes after acute exercise or unaccustomed training were reported in some studies. The main purpose of this study was to search the effect of warm-up before eccentric contractions on DOMS, biochemical enzymes changes and Nano particles.
    Methods
    Twenty player female volunteers were selected. All subjects were right handed and healthy. Subjects were assigned in one of two experimental group (n=10) (age: 22.6±1.91 years, height: 168.46 ± 2.91 cm, weight: 58.24±6.91 kg, and VO2, max: 33.19±3 ml.kg-1.min-1) and, control group (n=10) (age: 23.36 ±5.350 years, height: 160.81±5.16 cm, weight: 55.16±3.42 kg, and maximal oxygen consumption VO2,max: 35.1±4.71 ml.kg-1.min-1). They performed experimental protocol (80 resistance eccentric contraction) that approved by the university of ethics committee. All subjects were informed of the risks and purposes of the inquiry. Before attempt, their written consent was obtained. Blood samples were drawn from the anticubital vein before, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours after an exercise (n = 20). The study of protocol was Bruce. Ambient temperature during running was 19°C. The experimental groups, the first performed static stretching on shoulder elbow for 20 minutes and then performed incremental resistance eccentric contraction. Control group performed, only incremental resistance eccentric contraction.
    Results
    We used mean ±SD, tables, graph, chart, ANOVA and Bonferroni post hock tests for analyses by SPSS, version 21 (P≤0.05). After analyzing, data showed an increasing CK and LDH biochemical enzymes levels in two subject’s blood. But this increase was higher in experimental group.
    Discussion
    The results showed warm up by static stretching did not prevent not only the muscular damage cellular damage and soreness, but also induced increasing CK and LDH biochemical enzymes. Muscle sourness and weakness are acute (immediately after exercise) delayed after, 1-2 days after exercise. We approach that it is better, the first general warm up and then static stretching, because muscle fibers and membrane do not damage, destroy and don’t deplete metabolism enzymes .So we suggest using Nano particles reduce pain and soreness.
    Keywords: Contraction, CK, LDH, Muscle soreness, Nano particles
  • R. Ahmadi *, M. R. Jalali Sarvestani Pages 239-244
    In this study, computational synthesis of carbon nanostructure's derivatives with TATB or 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5- trinitrobenzene , which is an energetic substance in the temperature range of 300-400 K were evaluated by density functional theory method. In this regard, at the outset, the substances in the both sides of intended reactions for forming the desired products were optimized geometrically; afterward pertinent calculations to thermodynamic parameters were implemented on all of them. Then, the values of Enthalpy changes (ΔHf) and Gibbs free energy changes (ΔGf) of this reaction were calculated in various temperatures (300-400 K) by minusing the sum of these parameters in the products from reactants. Also Finally, The energy gaps between the HOMO and LUMO of the studied compounds were also explored. The computations results for every one of nanostructures have been compared with each other and their effect on the chemical attributes of TATB highly energetic material were inspected.
    Keywords: Carbon nanostructures, Density functional theory method, Enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, TATB
  • M. Mahdavi-Ourtakand *, P. Jafari, R. Safaeijavan Pages 245-251
    Biological production of silver nanoparticles, due to its high antimicrobial properties and environmental compatibility, can be used as an alternative to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to optimize the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fruit extract of Bunium persicum Boiss and investigate the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized by B. persicum fruit extract, as a green reducing agent. The color change of the solution is the first indication of the formation of silver nanoparticles. The quality of nanoparticles produced by SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy was investigated and the average size of nanoparticles was also measured by dynamic light scattering. Antimicrobial effect of synthesized nanoparticles against E. coli and S. aureus was evaluated by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method. The results of this study showed maximum absorbance at 340 nm. SEM showed that AgNPs are spherical and the mean average size of them which is indicated with DLS was 21.3 nm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs was determined for E. coli 0.78 mg/ml and for S. aureus 1.56 mg/ml. The synthesized silver nanoparticles possess an effective antimicrobial activity against the selected microorganisms.
    Keywords: Antimicrobial effect, Bunium persicum, fruit extract, Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticles