فهرست مطالب

Plastic Surgery - Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

World Journal of Plastic Surgery
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/11/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 22
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  • Pulkit Khandelwal, Neha Hajira Pages 3-8
    Oro-antral communication and fistula can occur as a result of inadequate and improper treatment. Inadvertent communication with the maxillary sinus can occur during certain surgical procedures in the maxillary posterior region. Though, spontaneous healing may occur in defects which are smaller than 2 mm but larger communications require immediate attention and should be treated without delay, in order to avoid sinusitis and further complications leading to patient discomfort.
    Keywords: Management, Oro, antral, Closure, Fistula, Flap
  • Arsheed Iqbal, Afroza Jan, Ma Wajid, Sheikh Tariq Pages 9-17
    A chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time or wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic. Chronic wounds often remain in the inflammatory stage for too long and may never heal or may take years. Chronic wound patients often report pain as dominant in their lives. Persistent pain is the main problem for patients with chronic ulcers. Many wounds pose no challenge to the body's innate ability to heal; some wounds, however, may not heal easily either because of the severity of the wounds themselves or because of the poor state of health of the individual. Any wound that does not heal within a few weeks should be examined by a healthcare professional because it might be infected, might reflect an underlying disease.
    Keywords: Hirudotherapy, Wound, Chronic, Healing
  • Akbar Vahdati, Alireza Fathi, Mehrdokht Hajihoseini, Ghaem Aliborzi, Ebrahim Hosseini Pages 18-25
    Background
    Infertility is a serious social problem in advanced nations, with male factor in half of all cases of infertility. This study was conducted to determine the regenerative effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells in spermatogenesis of infertile hamster.
    Methods
    Twelve adult male hamsters were equally divided into azoospermic and control groups. Busulfan was intraperitoneally used for induction of azoospermia, while the right testis was treated with bone marrow-derived stem cells (106 BM-SCs), labeled with sterile trypan blue, 35 days after busulfan injection. The left testis served as positive control for azoospermia. Sixty days after cell transplantation, the animals were euthanized and both testes were removed and evaluated histologically.
    Results
    BM-SCs were spindle-shaped, adherent to the culture flasks and had positive expression of CD29 and CD73 and negative expression of CD45. Alcian blue staining confirmed differentiation of BM-SCs into chondrocytes. Karyotyping denoted to stability of chromosomes. Treatment with busulfan in seminiferous tubules resulted into distruption of spermatogenesis. After two months in busulfan treatment group, seminiferous tubular atrophy and germinal epitheliums degenerations were noticed with no spermatozoa in epididymis. After treatment of busulfan group with BM-SCs, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms were present in seminiferous tubules.
    Conclusion
    As cell transplantation in seminiferous tubules resulted into a rapid repair of pathological changes, BM-SCs can be recommended an effective treatment measure in azoospermia. It seems that more studies are necessary to confirm the use of this technique in treatment of azoospermia and infertility in human.
    Keywords: Bone marrow, Mesenchymal stem Cells, Spermatogenesis, Infertility, Hamster
  • Arash Najafbeygi, Mohammad Javad Fatemi, Amir Hussein Lebaschi, Seyed Jaber Mousavi, Seyed Abouzar Husseini, Mitra Niazi Pages 26-32
    Background
    Tendon injuries are common and it takes a long time for an injured tendon to heal. Adverse phenomena such as adhesion and rupture are associated with these injuries. Finding a method to reduce the time required for healing whichimproves the final outcome, will lead to decreased frequency and intensity of adverse consequences. This study was designed to investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on the healing of the Achilles tendon in rabbits
    Methods
    In 10 New Zealand white rabbits, Achilles tendon was cut at the intersection of the distal and middle thirds on both hind legs. One microgram of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was injected in the proximal and distal stumps of the cut tendon on the right side (study group). Normal saline of equal volume was injected on the left side in the same way (control group). Then the tendons were repaired with 5/0 nylon using modified Kessler technique. A cast was made to immobilize each leg. On day 42, rabbits were euthanized and both hind legs were amputated. Tensometry and histopathologic examination were done on specimens.
    Results
    In tensometric studies, more force was required to rupture the repair site in study group. In histopathologic examination, collagen fibers had significantly better orientation and organization in the study group. No difference was noted regarding number of fibroblast and fibrocytes, and degree of angiogenesis in the two groups.
    Conclusion
    Application of basic fibroblast growth factor at tendon repair site improves the healing process through improvement of collagen fiber orientation and increase in biomechanical resistance.
    Keywords: Tendon injury, Healing, Fibroblast growth factor, Rabbit
  • Khadijeh Dizaji Asl, Hajar Shafaei, Jafar Soleimani Rad, Hojjat Ollah Nozad Pages 33-39
    Background
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal candidates for treatment of diseases. Amniotic membranes are an inexpensive source of MSCs (AM-MSC) without any donor site morbidity in cell therapy. Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) are also suitable cells for cell therapy. There is discrepancy in CD271 expression among MSCs from different sources. In this study, the characteristics of AM-MSC and ASCs and CD271 expression were compared.
    Methods
    Adult adipose tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing elective surgical procedure, and samples of amniotic membrane were collected immediately after caesarean operation. After isolation and expansion of MSCs, the proliferation rate and viability of cells were evaluated through calculating DT and MTT assay. Expression of routine mesenchymal specific surface antigens of MSCs and CD271 was evaluated by flow cytometry for both types of cells.
    Results
    The growth rate and viability of the MSCs from the amniotic membrane was significantly higher compared with the ASCs. The low expression of CD14 and CD45 indicated that AM-MSC and ASCs are non hematopoietic cells, and both cell types expressed high percentages of CD44, CD105. The results revealed that AM-MSC and ASCs expressed no CD271 on their surfaces.
    Conclusion
    This study showed that amniotic membrane is a suitable cell source for cell therapy, and CD271 is a negative marker for MSCs identification from amniotic membrane and adipose tissue.
    Keywords: Adipose tissue, Amniotic membrane, CD 271, Mesenchymal stem cells
  • Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh, Fatimah Mohaddes Ardebili, Forough Rafii, Farzad Manafi Pages 40-47
    Background
    Pain related to burn injuries is one of the most troublesome pain intensity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of massage on anticipatory anxiety, procedural pain intensity, vital signs and relaxation level of patients with burn injury.
    Methods
    In this quasi-experimental study, through convenience sampling, 60 hospitalized adult burn patients were selected from a specialized burn and reconstructive hospital. Subjects were assigned to massage and control groups through simple randomization. Massage was offered by using non aromatic oil about 10-15 minutes before wound care on intact part of the body once a day for 20 minutes on patient's bedside for 3 consecutive days. In the 3 days, the control group did not received any massage and were asked to stay at bed. Demographic and clinical characteristics and vital signs, Visual Analogue Scale and the Persian version of Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale were used to determine baseline and procedural pain, anxiety and relaxation levels and anticipatory anxiety.
    Results
    No significant difference was noted between mean score of pain intensity, anxiety and relaxation level, and vital signs in massage and control groups after intervention following wound care. In massage and control groups, there was no significant differences between mean scores of anticipatory anxiety before and after intervention. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of anticipatory anxiety in massage and control groups after intervention prior wound care.
    Conclusion
    Massage was shown not to have any effect on anticipatory anxiety and procedural pain.
    Keywords: Anticipatory anxiety, Burn, Massage, Pain
  • Abdoljalil Kalantar Hormozi, Nastaran Mahdavi, Mohammad Mehdi Foroozanfar, Seyed Sajad Razavi, Seyed Amir Mohajerani, Ahmad Eghbali, Amir Ali Mafi, Haleh Hashemzadeh, Alireza Mahdavi Pages 48-53
    Background
    Craniosynostosis results from premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, leading to deformed calvaria and craniofacial skeleton at birth. Postoperative complications and outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) is related to surgical method and perioperative management. This study determined the perioperative risk factors, which affect outcome of patients after craniosynostosis surgery.
    Methods
    In a retrospective study, 178 patients with craniosynostosis who underwent primary cranial reconstruction were included. Postoperative complications following neurosurgical procedures including fever in ICU, level of consciousness, re-intubation, and blood, urine, and other cultures were also performed and their association with the main outcomes (length of ICU stay) were analyzed.
    Results
    Factors independently associated with a longer pediatric ICU stay were fever (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.25-4.32; p=0.001), perioperative bleeding (OR=2.25, 95% CI=1.65-3.65; p=0.01), age (having surgery after the first 5 years) (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.33-3.54, p=0.016) and infection (OR=2.17, 95% CI=1.83-7.46; p=0.002). Mean blood loss during surgery was significantly higher in patients whose duration of ICU was longer than 4 days compare to less than 4 day (p=0.026). Amount of bleeding significantly was correlated to duration of surgery (r=0.70, p=0.001) and patient's age (r=0.23, p=0.44).
    Conclusion
    perioperative management particularly blood loss could deteriorate patients outcome and length of stay in ICU and hospital. Infections in ICU could deteriorate outcomes.
    Keywords: Craniosynostosis, Pediatric, Intensive care unit, Operation
  • Mehdi Rasti Ardakani, Ahmed Al Dam, Ashkan Rashad, Ali Shayesteh Moghadam Pages 54-61
    Background
    It has been reported that systemic administration of allopurinol improves cell survival. This study was aimed to evaluate effects of allopurinol on skin flaps in dogs.
    Methods
    Twenty dogs underwent one skin flap surgery with a 2-week interval. The first procedure was performed according to the standard protocols. The second phase was started by a 1-week pretreatment with allopurinol. Length of the necrotic zone was measured and recorded daily. At each phase, flaps were removed and sent for histopathological study after 1 week observation.
    Results
    Mean length of the necrotic zone in allopurinol treated skin flaps has been significantly less than normal flaps over all 7 days of observation (p
    Conclusion
    It was demonstrated that systemic administration of allopurinol significantly improved skin flap survival.
    Keywords: Allopurinol, Antioxidant, Skin flap, Survival
  • Hajar Shafaei, Hajar Bagernezhad, Hassan Bagernajad Pages 62-67
    Background
    Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes remains a major problem for cartilage tissue engineering. Chondrocytes loss differentiated phenotype in in vitro culture that is undesired for repair strategies. The chondrocyte is surrounded by a pericellular matrix (PCM), together forming the chondron. PCM has a positive effect on the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype during culture in comparison to uncovered chondrocyte. Studies suggest that the PCM influence on functional properties of the chondrocytes. However there is no study to show gene expression phenotype differences between round chondron and fibroblastic chondrocytes. We aimed to investigate the effect of pericellular matrix in maintaining of chondrogenic gene expression to solve dedifferentiation problem of chondrocyte.
    Methods
    In this study enzymatically isolated chondrons were cultured for 7 days. Morphology of chondrons were assessed by microscopic examination. Chondrogenic gene expression of Sox9, aggrecan (AGG), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), Link protein and chondro-osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, Col1, Col 10 and MMP13) of attached and float chondrons were assessed by real time RT PCR.
    Results
    Microscopic observation showed that round shape of chondron observed at day 7 in floating chondrocytes. Gene expression results showed that attached chondrons significantly dedifferentiated by low gene expression of Sox9 and COMP and high MMP13 versus floating cells.
    Conclusion
    Our results showed that PCM of chondrocyte could restore differentiated state of chondrocytes at day 7. Using unattached form of chondron in cartilage tissue PCM in maintenance of chondrogenic gene expression engineering could be a novel method to solve dedifferentiation problem of chondrocyte.
    Keywords: Cartilage tissue engineering, Chondron, Condrocyte, Dedifferentiation, PCM
  • Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup Pages 68-73
    Background
    Nipple creation using the C-V flap technique is often the final step in breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to subjectively and objectively assess the cosmetic outcomes and satisfaction of patients undergoing C-V flap nipple reconstruction.
    Methods
    Subjective assessments of patient satisfaction with the neo-nipple were recorded by visual analogue scoring (VAS; 0-10). Objective measurements were performed using a calliper to measure nipple projection relative to the native breast. Descriptive data analysis was performed with differences in projection assessed with the Mann-Whitney test and mean and median VAS scores (with inter-quartile ranges; IQR) calculated to describe satisfaction.
    Results
    Thirty-three C-V flap nipple reconstructions were performed. 87.9% received latissimus dorsi (LD) reconstructions with implants and 12.1% had transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) reconstructions. The median projection of reconstructed nipples was 4.7 mm (range 4-10.2 mm) at 4.6 years mean follow-up, which was not significantly different from the contralateral nipple (p = 0.34). Patient satisfaction was 9 (IQR: 8-10) with shape, 9 (IQR: 7.5-10) with projection, 5 (IQR: 2-9.6) with sensation, and 8.5 (IQR: 6-9.5) with symmetry. Median overall satisfaction was 9 (IQR: 8-10). Three patients had complete nipple loss, of whom two had undergone nipple piercing post procedure and none had received radiotherapy.
    Conclusion
    C-V flap nipple reconstructions provide a simple and reliable method to reconstruct the nipple that enhances confidence and perception of body image. Satisfaction was high with long-term outcomes in terms of projection equivalent to the contralateral breast.
    Keywords: C-V flap, Nipple reconstruction, Patient satisfaction
  • Mir Yasir, Adil Hafeez Wani, Haroon Rashid Zargar Pages 74-81
    Background
    Reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the lower third of the leg remains challenging. Anatomical constraints limit the local options available for complex defects especially lower third of leg. Local flaps based on perforator vessels are raising interest in reconstructive surgery of the limbs. We present our experience with perforator flaps for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the lower limb.
    Methods
    The study was carried prospectively and 23 patients with lower limb defects treated with various perforator flaps (both elective as well as emergency) were included in the study. A hand-held ultrasound Doppler was used preoperatively and intraoperatively to detect the perforator vessels.
    Results
    Out of 23 patients, we witnessed partial flap loss in 1 and distal flap necrosis in 3 patients. Four patients had minor complications which included infection, wound dehiscence and congestion of flap.
    Conclusion
    Perforator flaps may represent a good alternative to the free flaps in the areas were other local reconstructive procedures are not possible. This is a versatile technique and with decreased donor site morbidity limited to a single body area. There is a specific like to like soft tissue replacement leading to a better cosmetic and reconstructive outcome. The main drawback of the perforator flaps however is the higher risk of venous congestion.
    Keywords: Perforator flap, Propeller flap, Lower limb, Reconstruction
  • Mohamed Makboul, Mahmoud Abdelhamid, Ghada Al Attar Pages 82-87
    Background
    Surgery for hypertrophied breast represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. The search for a good cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. Objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, with round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result.
    Methods
    This study was carried out on 60 cases who had done reduction mammoplasty from January 2009 to December 2014. All patients were examined and asked for late post-operative results and overall patient's satisfaction.
    Results
    Long term projection and contour of the breast were more satisfactory among patients who had superomedial pedicle with a statistical significant difference. No statistical significant difference was observed between patients undergone either types of operations concerning breast symmetry, nipple symmetry and sensation. The mean score of satisfaction was higher among patients undergone superomedial pedicle than inferior pedicle.
    Conclusion
    The superomedial pedicle shows better long term cosmetic result in reduction mammoplasty.
    Keywords: Patient's satisfaction, Reduction mammoplasty, Inferior pedicle, Superomedial pedicle
  • Navid Kalani, Hasan Zabetian, Mohammad Sadegh Sanie, Mansour Deylami, Mohammad Radmehr, Reza Sahraei, Hossein Kargar Jahromi, Wesam Kooti Pages 88-93
    Background
    During abdominal surgery under regional anesthesia, nausea may happen due to several contributing factors. This study compared the effects of ondansetron and dexamethasone on nausea and vomiting under spinal anesthesia.
    Methods
    One hundred and twenty patients of 15 to 35 years old with ASA class I and II were enrolled. Before administering either ondansetron or dexamethasone, blood pressure and heart rate of the patients were recorded. The patients received 70 mg of 5% lidocaine for spinal anesthesia. Patients who received 6 mg of ondansetron were considered as group A, while group B received 8 mg of dexamethasone. The level of nausea and vomiting, blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate of each patient was measured at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia and during recovery (every 5 minutes).
    Results
    There was a significant difference between nausea and vomiting between the two groups after spinal anesthesia within the first and fifth minutes. There was no significant difference between nausea and vomiting between the two groups within 10, 15 and 30 minutes and during recovery at 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes.
    Conclusion
    Dexamethasone and ondansetron were shown to equally reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting under spinal anesthesia and can be recommended as a good choice for prevention of nausea and vomiting during surgeries.
    Keywords: Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, Nausea, Vomiting, Surgery, Spinal anesthesia
  • Ezzatollah Rezaei, Arash Beiraghi, Toosi, Ali Ahmadabadi, Seyed Hassan Tavousi, Arash Alipour Tabrizi, Kazem Fotuhi, Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi, Amir Manafi, Shokoofeh Ahmadi Moghadam Pages 94-99
    Background
    Skin allograft is the gold standard of wound coverage in patients with extensive burns; however, it is considered as a temporary wound coverage and rejection of the skin allograft is considered inevitable. In our study, skin allograft as a permanent coverage in deep burns is evaluated.
    Methods
    Skin allograft survival was assessed in 38 patients from March 2009 to March 2014, retrospectively. Because of the lack of tissue specimen from the skin donors, patients with long skin allograft survival in whom the gender of donor and recipient of allograft was the same were excluded. Seven cases with skin allograft longevity and opposite gender in donor and recipient were finally enrolled. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on the biopsy specimen from recipients and donors were undertaken.
    Results
    PCR on the biopsy specimen from recipients confirmed those specimens belong to the donors. All patients received allograft from the opposite sex. Two (28.57%) patients received allograft from their first-degree blood relatives, and in one (14.29%) case, the allograft was harvested from an alive individual with no blood relation. The rest were harvested from multiorgan donors. In eight months of follow up, no clinical evidence of graft rejection was noted.
    Conclusion
    Long term persistence of skin allograft in patients is worthy of more attention. Further studies An increase in knowledge of factors influencing this longevity could realize the dream of burn surgeons to achieve a permanent coverage other than autograft for major burn patients.
    Keywords: Skin allograft, Burn, Polymerase chain reaction
  • Muhammad Saaiq, Saad Siddiui Pages 100-105
    A 53-year old man presented with seven months history of progressive weakness of extension of the digits and the thumb of the left hand. The wrist extension was normal and sensations were also intact. The patient had also been noticing a progressively enlarging lump on the lower anterolateral aspect of the left antecubital fossa for the last three months. Physical examination andelectro diagnostic studies revealed motor deficit along the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) distribution with preservation of sensations. Also a soft tissue solitary lump (measuring 6×5 cm in its greatest dimensions) was palpable in the left antecubital fossa. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the forearm revealed a well-defined, non-enhancing, homogenous, fat intensity lesion in the left antecubital fossa, attached to the proximal radius. The patient underwent surgical excision of the lump with decompression of the PIN in the radial tunnel. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of parosteal lipoma. Although the diagnosis was elusive at the very outset, yet prudent clinical judgment, appropriate ancillary investigations and timely surgical intervention resulted in optimal functional recovery of the hand drop. There was complete motor recovery at 4-months follow up with no recurrence of the lipomaafter one year.
    Keywords: Posterior interosseous nerve, Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, Parosteal lipoma
  • Ghasemali Khorasani, Siamak Rakei, Hooman Riazi Pages 106-110
    Nasal arterio-venous malformations (AVM) are uncommon lesions. We present a rare case of huge, long standing AVM in the nasal area which was treated by angioembolization, followed by surgical excision and forehead flap reconstruction.
    Keywords: Arterio-venous malformations, Vascular lesion, Embolization
  • Seyed Mahmood Reza Aghamir, Davood Mehrabani, Masoud Amini, Mohammad Amin Mosleh Shirazi, Samaneh Nematolahi, Fatemeh Shekoohi, Shooli, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Iman Razeghian Jahromi Pages 111-113
  • Muhammad Ahmad Pages 114-116
  • Patil Salil, Boro Sumanjit, Prajapati Chetan, Suri P. Manav, Sachde P. Jayesh, Mf Shaikh Pages 117-119
  • Shahrokh Attarian, Afsaneh Karami, Faezeh Ayatolahi Pages 120-122
  • Masoud Yavari, Ramin Farzam, Azade Riyahi Pages 123-124
  • Maria Alessandra Bocchiotti, Denis Codazzi, Enrico Robotti Pages 125-128