Thrita
Volume:4 Issue: 12, Jun 2015

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing devices are widely used to evaluate glycemic control in diabetic patients. Despite international effort on standardization of HbA1c tests, different levels of variation in different assay results are still present.. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparability of the results of various HbA1c instruments used in Iran.. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the endocrine and metabolic institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from October 2013 to December 2013. Fresh blood samples taken from 45 diabetic type 2 patients with different HbA1c levels (4.8 - 12.7%) were tested with five assays; NycoCard Reader II (Axis-Shield), CERA STAT 2000 (Ceragem Medisys Inc), DS5 (Drew Scientific inc), Biosystems (BioSystems S.A.) and Pars Azmoon (Pars azmoon), and the results were compared to those obtained from TOSOH G8 Ion exchange (Tosoh Bioscience) as a reference method. Clinical Laboratory Standardization Institute (CLSI) protocols (EP-15A2 and EP-9A2) were used for designing the study and evaluation of the results. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 15 packages were used for computation and analysis of the data.. Interassay imprecision of all assays was less than 3.4%. There was a significant linear correlation between test methods and TOSOH G8 results (r: 0.86 to 0.96). The mean values of all different methods were significantly different from the reference method (P value < 0.01).. Although the results obtained with the use of different methods show an excellent correlation, when one particular sample is tested by different assays, the results are significantly different. It can be concluded that the national standardization program of HbA1c measurement is necessary..

Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses are relatively rare. A very busy otolaryngology department does not have more than a few cases each year. Bilateral, multiple, and multiloculated cases are extremely unusual.. We report a 74-year-old man with two separate mucoceles in left ethmoid and frontal sinuses with pansinusitis. After marsupialization of mucoceles and functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the symptoms of the patient relieved.. Surgeons should consider the possibility of existence of other mucoceles when they find a large downstream sinus mucocele obstructing the ostia of upstream sinuses on computed tomography scans..

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent chronic neurologic diseases in population. One of the most common disorders in patients with seizure disorders is a psychiatric disease, such as depression, which is most commonly under diagnosed or treated.. The presence of the psychiatric disease and consumption of antiseizure medications are believed to be an underlying cause of suicides. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicide attempts in patients with epilepsy referred to Iranian seizure organization and neurology clinic of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital in Tehran, Iran..Patients and In this cross-sectional study, a total of 200 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in this study and were interviewed. They were asked to fill the prepared questionnaire, which contained clinical variables and 4 specific questions regarding suicidal behaviors related to the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R).. The mean age of the participants was 34 ± 10.6 years. Ninety-one patients (45.5%) were male and 109 (54.5%) were female. Regarding the presence of psychiatric disorders; 25% had a history of depression, 3% bipolar disorders, 1% schizophrenia, 4% personality disorders and 65.5% had no psychiatric disorders.. The results of the present study show a high prevalence of suicide attempt among patients with epilepsy and these patients should be considered as a high-risk population regarding the suicide attempt and should be thoroughly evaluated regarding psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation..

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) is performed as the gold standard for monitoring oxygenation and assessing the amount of arterial CO2 retention in patients with acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is an invasive procedure and can just do discontinuous monitoring of oxygenation and retention of CO2. Capnography as a noninvasive tool, can show the amount of end tidal CO2 (ETCO2).. The aim of this study was to compare the values of ETCO2 with arterial bicarbonate levels in patients with exacerbation of COPD..Patients and This was an analytical cross-sectional study performed in the Department of Emergency Medicine of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences on patients with COPD admitted to the emergency ward of Imam Reza hospital. Levels of ETCO2 with arterial bicarbonate were compared in patients with COPD.. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled; 35 patients (62.5 %) were male. The mean of ETCO2 and PaCO2 of patients were 41.49 ± 9.80 and 64.74 ± 9.76, respectively. The mean of PaCO2 was significantly more than the means of ETCO2 in patients with COPD. The association between arterial bicarbonate and ETCO2 was weak and not significant (P = 0.136 and r = 0.04).. Capnography can be used to assess the status of patients with respiratory acidosis in a noninvasive way..

Context: Periodontal plastic surgery can help people improve their lives by addressing aesthetic parameters of their smile. Much of what comprises a beautiful and appealing smile is influenced by emotion and personality; however, many structural elements of a smile can be improved through surgical intervention.. Evidence Acquisition: The end result often lends significant support to people who wish to experience more effective and successful communication with others in personal, social and workplace situations. This paper discusses the basis for periodontal surgical interventions in smile enhancement. The anatomical features that contribute to smile appearance and the act of smiling are reviewed. Illustrations of the periodontal plastic surgery cases are presented.. Standard measures, golden proportions, and symmetry are concepts that mostly applied for guidance of image designing. Nevertheless, aesthetic attainment is possible with the presence of different measures and proportions and symmetry or asymmetry. Specific mathematical measures and symmetry should not be considered as beauty criteria and the violation of computational formulas and asymmetry should not be introduced as inconsistency. Symmetric smile, which follows proved measures, is not necessarily aesthetic. However, measures, proportions, and symmetry are all aspects of beautiful art work but rarely suffice for attaining beauty phenomenon.. In modern society, we insist on finding a form that follows determined rules. Medical and periodontics sciences can have rules in repair and reconstruction of the beauty and health by anatomic symmetric smile principles. Nonetheless, physicians may not be able to achieve beauty despite of applying most complete world standards. Countless individual differences in facial features lead to achieving countless outcomes in aesthetic proceedings. Eventually, individual’s kindness and personality can create a wonderful attraction while smiling that is unjustifiable..

Sinusitis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases among those who visit doctor, which requires antibiotic intervention. The most common types of bacteria causing this disease are Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Nonetheless due to dangerous side effects of chemical drugs on body and increased drug resistance of bacteria, new alternative therapeutic method, such as nano-encapsulating herbal essences is considered to augment effectiveness of treatment as well as bacterial sensitivity.. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of four encapsulated essential oils including Lavandula angustifolia Mill, Cinnamomum verum J. S. Persl, Artemisia sieberi Besser and Myrtus communis L. were evaluated on microorganisms of S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes, S. aureus and P. aeroginosa, which are among the most common factors for sinusitis.. First, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration quantitative tests followed by qualitative test (disk diffusion) were performed to examine drug sensitivity.. The quantitative result in examined encapsulated essential oils was 0.097 µg/mL for S. pneumonia with Lavander nano-essence, 0.097 µg/mL, for S. pyogenes with Artemisia and Lavander nano-essences, 1.562 µg/mL for S. aureus with Artemisia nano-essence and 3.215 µg/mL for P. aeroginosa with Artemisia and Lavander nano-essences. Moreover, the results of the disk diffusion test showed that nano-essences did not have the ability to be released from paper disks and diffuse in solid environment.. The results show proper effects of encapsulated essential oils on the four leading causes of sinusitis microorganisms (P ≥ 0.01) and also the findings indicate that the essential oils can be used to make more effective drugs with herbal resources and fewer side effects for destroying these microorganisms..

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and the forth cause of death by cancer globally. Colorectal cancer starts with a polyp and might develop due to multiple epigenetic and genetic changes that lead to change of normal colon epithelium to adenocarcinoma of colon. Recent studies show that epigenetic changes such as methylation of SFRP2 (secreted frizzled-related2) a gene in negative regulation Wnt signaling pathways and MGMT (methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) a DNA repair gene is associated with colorectal cancer.. Due to correlation of polyp and cancer, the current study aimed to evaluate the role of SFRP2 and MGMT methylation in patients with polyp in south of Iran.. Forty eight tissue samples of polyp and adenoma, and 20 control samples were investigated for methylation status of SFRP2 and MGMT with mutagenically separated Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS-PCR) method.. Methylation in at least one gene was reported about 93.8%. The methylation of SFRP2 was reported in 39 out of the 48 subjects (81.2%) whereas methylation of MGMT was observed in 32 subjects (66.6%).. The current study results showed that methylation of SFRP2 and MGMT play an important role in polyp formation..