فهرست مطالب
Thrita
Volume:5 Issue: 18, Dec 2016
- تاریخ انتشار: 1395/11/17
- تعداد عناوین: 5
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Page 2BackgroundMethadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is currently widely accepted as the treatment of choice for opioid replacement therapy.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections as well as psychiatric disorders in our MMT cases.
Patients andMethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, we studied patients treated for opioid abuse or addiction who attended MMT programs in Rafsanjan, Iran, from March to June 2012. HIV, HBV, and HCV test reports were recorded from MMT clients documents (ELISA and Western blotting results), and psychiatric disorders were diagnosed by two trained psychology interviewers according to the DSM-IV criteria.ResultsOf the 1,825 patients included in this study, 1,737 (95.2%) were men with a mean age of 28.00 ± 7.69 years (range: 18 - 52 years). In total, 64 (3.5%) subjects showed symptoms of depression and 21 (1.2%) had anxiety. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV were 4 (0.2%), 31 (1.7%), and 18 (1.0%), respectively. The association between psychiatric disorders and chronic diseases did not reach a statistically significant level (Fishers exact test, P = 0.193).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HBV, HIV, and psychiatric disorders in our study group was lower than in previous reports. This may be because we entered participants from private MMT centers. Therefore, our results are not generalizable to other populations. Nevertheless, HCV prevalence was higher, and our results lead us to recommend that training programs be planned to prevent the outbreak of these viral infections.Keywords: Methadone, HBV, HCV, HIV, Depression, Anxiety -
Page 3BackgroundBisphenol A is a xenoestrogen, synthesized in large quantities for the production of polymers (polycarbonates, epoxy resins) and thermal paper, and is widely used in products of everyday use (packaging, containers and bottles). Data concerning the occurrence of BPA in food, water and indoor environments as well as its appearance in tissues and body fluids of the human body are available in the literature. Male accessory sex glands are also vulnerable to environmental endocrine disruptors with adverse effects in adulthood. The developing prostate gland is particularly sensitive to estrogens and high-dose exposures during a critical developmental window results in intraepithelial prostatic neoplasia (PIN) in adult rodent models. Bisphenol A is also an endocrine disruptor. High levels of BPA exposure correlate with increased risk of mammary gland, brain and prostate cancers and have adverse effects on the tissues of the prostate and seminal vesicles.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA doses on the histological structure and ultrastructure of prostate and seminal vesicle glands.MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): A control group and three treatment groups, receiving BPA at doses of 10, 50 and 100 µg/kg. Bisphenol A was administrated intraperitoneally for 15 days. As the prostate and seminal vesicle glands were dissected on the day 16, the structure and ultrastructure histological parameters were analyzed, using light and electron microscopes.ResultsThe main pathological finding observed in the prostrate and seminal vesicle glands, using light microscope, revealed congestion in the connective tissue and vacuolization in the secretory units of epithelial cells and epithelium rupture at 50 and 100 µg/kg doses of BPA. Ultrastructure study showed vacuolization of mitochondria, condensation of nuclei and disappearance of nucleus in the prostate tissue. Pathological changes showed the vacuolization and dilation of endoplamic reticulum (ER) and secretory glands and disappearance of microvilli. They also showed an increase in collagen fibers around the cells in the seminal vesicle tissue in the treatment group that received 100 µg/kg BW BPA.ConclusionsThis study revealed that BPA has adverse effects on the reproductive system in male rats. The results also revealed that BPA has destructive effects on the prostate and seminal vesicle glands.Keywords: Bisphenol A, Reproductive System, Prostate, Seminal Vesicle, Male Wistar Rats
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Page 4BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasia among females worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at the 3′ untranslated Region (3′UTR) can alter gene expression pattern through increasing/decreasing microRNAs (miRNAs) binding energy. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (HER4) can act as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in breast cancer.ObjectivesWe proposed that rs1595065 3′UTR variant of HER4 with a different target binding site of miRNAs may have a correlation with risk of BC phenotypes. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between HER4 rs1595065 3'UTR variant and BC pathological features among the Isfahanian population. Moreover, an in-silico prediction was performed to estimate possible function of the rs1595065.MethodsOverall, 156 patients and controls were genotyped using RFLP-PCR. Armitage test for trend was utilized to investigate the association between rs1595065 and susceptibility to BC. The possible change in the interaction between rs1595065 and microRNAs was studied bioinformatically.ResultsBioinformatics analysis using online tools suggest rs1595065 as a polymorphism in the seed region of four miRNAs binding sites including miR-199a-3p, miR-199b-3p, miR-1244 and miR-3129, and C allele can reduce miRNA-mRNA binding occurrence that may increase HER4 expression. Armitages trend test showed that C allele of rs1595065 was significantly associated with HER2 positivity among patients (C allele vs. T allele, OR = 3.111, P = 0.046).Conclusionsrs1595065 could be recommended as a risk factor in regulating HER4 expression and affecting HER2 positivity incidence among BC patients.Keywords: Breast Cancer, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, ErbB4, miRNA
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Page 5BackgroundHearing loss is an important impairment that occurs in the diabetics and affects their quality of life. There is still a paucity of studies on the relationship between diabetes and hearing loss.ObjectivesThis case-control study compared the prevalence of hearing loss in a sample of diabetics with that in an age and sex matched group of healthy controls.MethodsCases were consecutively selected from the diabetics registered in two diabetes centers during February to December 2013. Controls were age and sex matched healthy volunteers admitted to a blood bank. Pure tone audiometric test (PTA) was performed by audiometer for the evaluation of hearing impairment. Then, the existence of hearing impairment in different intensities was compared between the two groups considering the effect of diabetes duration, BMI, and serum creatinine (Cr) level.ResultsEighty diabetics and eighty healthy controls were included. Hearing loss in sounds with high frequencies was more common in the diabetics than the controls. The mean serum creatinine level was significantly higher in the diabetics with hearing loss than those without hearing loss at noise frequencies of 4 KHz and 8 KHz (PConclusionsAccording to the results, hearing impairment in high frequency sounds was more common in the diabetics than the healthy individuals. Also, the severity of hearing loss in patients with diabetes was associated with the levels of creatinine (diabetic nephropathy). The hypothesis of the relationship between diabetes and hearing loss through nephropathy should be more examined in future studies.Keywords: Hearing Loss, Glycosylated Hemoglobin A, Creatinine, Glycosylated Hemoglobin A, Body Mass Index