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Biolmpacts - Volume:7 Issue: 4, Dec 2017

Biolmpacts
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Dec 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/11/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Javad Shokri* Pages 207-208
    Various nanomaterials/nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for the development of cosmetic products - a field so-called nanocosmetic formulations. These advanced materials offer some benefits, while their utilization in the cosmetic formulations may be associated with some risks. The main aim of this editorial is to highlight the benefits and risks of the nanomaterials used in the cosmetic products.
    Keywords: Benefits, Nanocosmetics, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Risks
  • Farhad Shokraneh*, Clive Elliott Adams Pages 209-217
    Introduction
    Despite years of use of study-based registers for storing reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the methodology used in developing such registers/databases has not been documented. Such registers are integral to the process of scientific reviewing. We document and discuss methodological aspects of the development and use of study-based registers. Although the content is focused on the study-based register of randomized/controlled clinical trials, this work applies to developers of databases of all sorts of studies related to the human, animals, cells, genes, and molecules.
    Methods
    We describe necessity, rationale, and steps for the development, utilization and maintenance of study-based registers as well as the challenges and gains for the organizations supporting systematic reviews of the published and unpublished literature.
    Conclusion
    The ultimate goal of having a study-based register is to facilitate efficient production of systematic reviews providing rapid, yet accurate, evidence for the decision-makers. We argue that moving towards study-based registers is an inevitable welcome direction and that infrastructures are ready for such movement.
    Keywords: Cochrane collaboration, Randomized controlled trials as topic, Reference-based register, Study-based register, Systematic reviews
  • Aysa Rezabakhsh, Soheila Montazersaheb, Elahe Nabat, Mehdi Hassanpour, Azadeh Montaseri, Hassan Malekinejad, Ali Akbar Movassaghpour, Reza Rahbarghazi*, Alireza Garjani* Pages 219-226
    Introduction
    Under the diabetic condition, sustained production of oxidative/nitrosative stress results in irreversible vascular injuries. A great number of diabetic pathologies, such as inefficient or aberrant neo-angiogenesis emerge following chronic hyperglycemic condition. Lack of enough data exists regarding hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) contribution on angiogenesis during diabetes mellitus.
    Methods
    To better address whether HCQ could blunt or exacerbate oxidative status and angiogenesis under high glucose condition (HCG), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 30 µM HCQ in combination with 30 mM glucose over a course of 72 hours. Viability was measured was evaluated by MTT assay. We used Griess method and TBARS assay to monitor changes in the levels of NO and MDA followed by flow cytometric analysis of ROS using DCFDA. To show the impact of HCQ on cell motility and in vitro angiogenic properties, we exploited routine scratch test and in vitro tubulogenesis, respectively.
    Results
    Our data showed that HCQ diminished cell viability under 5 and 30 mM glucose contents. HCQ significantly decreased the total levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both sets of environments. Additionally, inhibitory effects were observed on cell migration after exposure to HCQ (P 
    Conclusion
    In overall, results suggest that HCQ changes the oxidative/nitrosative status of HUVECs both in 5 and 30 mM conditions. HCQ is able to reduce migration and angiogenic activity of HUVECs irrespective of the glucose content.
    Keywords: High glucose condition, Hydroxychloroquine, Endothelial cells, Oxidative stress, Tubulogenesis
  • Muhammad Nuh Musa, Sheba Rani David*, Ihsan Nazurah Zulkipli, Abdul Hanif Mahadi, Srikumar Chakravarthi, Rajan Rajabalaya* Pages 227-239
    Introduction
    The use of liquid crystalline (LC) gel formulations for drug delivery has considerably improved the current delivery methods in terms of bioavailability and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate LC gel formulations to deliver the anti-cancer drug exemestane through transdermal route.
    Methods
    Two LC gel formulations were prepared by phase separation coacervation method using glyceryl monooleate (GMO), Tween 80 and Pluronic® F127 (F127). The formulations were characterized with regard to encapsulation efficiency (EE), vesicle size, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface morphology (using light and fluorescence microscopy), in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, in vitro effectiveness test on MDA-MB231 cancer cell lines and histopathological analysis.
    Results
    Results exhibited that the EE was 85%-92%, vesicle size was 119.9-466.2 nm while morphology showed spherical vesicles after hydration. An FTIR result also revealed that there was no significant shift in peaks corresponding to Exemestane and excipients. LC formulations release the drug from cellulose acetate and Strat-M™ membrane from 15%-88.95%, whereas ex vivo permeation ranges from 37.09-63%. The in vitro effectiveness study indicated that even at low exemestane concentrations (12.5 and 25 μg/mL) the formulations were able to induce cancer cell death, regardless of the surfactant used. Histopathological analysis thinning of the epidermis as the formulations penetrate into the intercellular regions of squamous cells.
    Conclusion
    The results conjectured that exemestane could be incorporated into LC gels for the transdermal delivery system and further preclinical studies such as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies will be carried out with suitable animal models.
    Keywords: Breast cancer, Exemestane, Lyotropic liquid crystals, Surfactants, Transdermal delivery, Tween 80
  • Yousef Sohrabi, Vahid Panahi-Azar, Abolfazl Barzegar, Jafar Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi*, Parvin Dehghan* Pages 241-246
    Introduction
    Ascorbyl palmitate (AP) is an example of natural secondary food antioxidant, which has been used for oxidative rancidity prevention in food industry. In this study, the interaction of AP with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated.
    Methods
    The mechanism of BSA interaction with AP was investigated using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, fluorescence). The thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS), and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) were calculated using Van’t Hoff equation at different temperatures.
    Results
    The experimental results showed that UV-Vis absorption spectra of BSA decreased upon increasing AP concentration, indicating that the AP can bind to BSA. Formation of the AP-BSA complex was approved by quenching of fluorescence and the quenching mechanism was found to be resultant from dynamic procedure. The positive values of both ΔH and ΔS showed that hydrophobic forces were the major binding forces. The negative value of ΔG demonstrated that AP interacts with BSA spontaneously. Molecular docking results confirmed that AP binds to BSA through hydrophobic forces.
    Conclusion
    The attained results showed that AP can bind to BSA and effectively distributed into the bloodstream.
    Keywords: Ascorbyl palmitate, Bovine serum albumin, Food additive, Thermodynamic parameters
  • Jaber Dehghani, Ali Movafeghi*, Abolfazl Barzegari, Jaleh Barar* Pages 247-254
    Introduction
    Several platforms including mammalian, plant and insect cells as well as bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae are available for the production of recombinant proteins. Low efficiency of delivery systems, extracellular and intracellular degradation of foreign genes during transformation, difficulties in targeting and importing into the nucleus, and finally problems in integration into nuclear genome are the most bottlenecks of classical plasmids for producing recombinant proteins. Owing to high growth rate, no common pathogen with humans, being utilized as humans’ food, and capability to perform N-glycosylation, microalgae are proposed as an ideal system for such biotechnological approaches. Here, Agrobacterium tumefaciens is introduced as an alternative tool for transformation of the microalga Dunaliella pseudosalina.
    Methods
    The transformation of gfp gene into the D. pseudosalina was evaluated by three strains including EHA101, GV3301 and GV3850 of A. tumefaciens. The integrating and expression of gfp gene were determined by PCR, RT-PCR, Q-PCR and SDS-PAGE analyses.
    Results
    The T-DNA of pCAMBIA1304 plasmid was successfully integrated into the genome of the microalgal cells. Although all of the strains were able to transform the algal cells, GV3301 possessed higher potential to transform the microalgal cells in comparison to EHA101 and GV3850 strains. Moreover, the stability of gfp gene was successfully established during a course of two months period in the microalgal genome.
    Conclusion
    Agrobacterium is introduced as a competent system for stable transformation of Dunaliella strains in order to produce eukaryotic recombinant proteins.
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dunaliella pseudosalina, Gene expression, Microalgal transformation
  • Arash Hajizadeh Dastjerdi, Hossein Behboudi, Zahra Kianmehr, Ali Taravati, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh, Sussan Kaboudanian Ardestani*, Tooba Ghazanfari* Pages 255-261
    Introduction
    Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is one of the major detoxifiers in alveoli. Polymorphism in GST genes can influence the ability of individuals to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study was aimed to explore the hypothesis that the genetic polymorphisms of GST T1, M1 and P1 are associated with the severity of the mustard lung in the sulfur mustard-exposed individuals.
    Methods
    Blood samples were taken from 185 sulfur mustard-exposed and 57 unexposed subjects. According to the stage of the mustard lung, sulfur mustard-exposed patients were categorized in the mild/moderate and severe/very severe groups. A multiplex PCR method was conducted to identify GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes. To determine the polymorphisms of GSTP1 in exon 5 (Ile105Val) and exon 6 (Ala114Val), RFLP-PCR method was performed.
    Results
    The frequency of GSTM1 homozygous deletion was significantly higher in the severe/very severe patients compared with the mild/moderate subjects (66.3% vs. 48%, P = 0.013). The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with the severity of mustard lung (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.257; 95% CI, 1.219-4.180). There was no significant association between GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms with the severity of the mustard lung.
    Conclusion
    The different distribution of GSTM1 null genotype in severe/very severe and mild/moderate groups indicated that the severity of the mustard lung might be associated with the genetic polymorphism(s).
    Keywords: Glutathione S-transferase, GSTM1 null genotype, Mustard lung, Polymorphism, Pulmonary complications
  • Behnoosh Soghani, Asghar Ebadifar*, Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid, Koorosh Kamali, Roya Hamedi, Fatemeh Aghakhani Moghadam Pages 263-268
    Introduction
    Cleft lip/palate is one of the most common congenital defects and is supposed to have multifactorial etiology, including a complex interaction between genetics and environment. Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) gene takes part in folate transportation within the cells. In this study, the association of A80G polymorphism in the RFC1 gene with the non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (nsCL/P) was investigated in Iranian infants for the first time.
    Methods
    In this case-control survey, 122 Iranian infants with nsCL/P and 164 healthy infants were investigated for RFC1 polymorphism by PCR and RFLP methods. The results were statistically compared with control group, odds ratios with 95% CI were estimated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression model and a P
    Results
    The RFC1 G allele was significantly higher (P=0.001; OR=7, 95% CI: 4.7-10.2) in the cases (60.3%) compared with the controls (17.9%). Not only the RFC1 AG genotype was significantly higher (P
    Conclusion
    Our study indicated that the RFC1 (A80G) polymorphism was associated with the nsCL/P in Iranian population. Moreover, 80GG homozygosity was significant in the cases. The presence of G allele can be considered as a risk factor for the nsCL/P. Infants with the GG and AG genotypes were more prone to cleft lip/palate as compared to the AA ones. This finding emphasizes the role of RFC1 gene and the intracellular levels of folate.
    Keywords: Cleft lip - palate_Polymorphism_RFC1 gene
  • Marziyeh Fathi, Parham Sahandi Zangabad, Sima Majidi, Jaleh Barar, Hamid Erfan-Niya, Yadollah Omidi* Pages 269-277
    Introduction
    Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers offer unique advantages over the traditional drug delivery systems (DDSs) in terms of targeted drug delivery and on-demand release of cargo drug molecules. Of these, chitosan (CS)-based DDSs offer several advantages such as high compatibility with biological settings.
    Methods
    In this study, we surveyed the literature in terms of the stimuli-responsive nanocarriers and discussed the most recent advancements in terms of CS-based nanosystems and their applications in cancer therapy and diagnosis.
    Results
    These advanced DDSs are able to release the entrapped drugs in response to a specific endogenous stimulus (e.g., pH, glutathione concentration or certain enzymes) or exogenous stimulus (e.g., temperature, light, ultrasound, and magnetic field) at the desired time and target site. Dual-responsive nanocarriers by the combination of different stimuli have also been developed as efficient and improved DDSs. Among the stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, CS-based DDSs offer several advantages, including biocompatibility and biodegradability, antibacterial activity, ease of modification and functionalization, and non-immunogenicity. They are as one of the most ideal smart multifunction DDSs.
    Conclusion
    The CS-based stimuli-responsive multifunctional nanosystems (NSs) offer unique potential for the targeted delivery of anticancer agents and provide great potential for on-demand and controlled-release of anticancer agents in response to diverse external/internal stimuli.
    Keywords: Cancer therapy, Chitosan, Smart drug delivery systems, Stimuli-responsive, Nanomedicines, Theranostics