نشریه راهبردهای کارآفرینی در کشاورزی
پیاپی 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

Nowadays, entrepreneurship of graduates has an important role in resolving the problem of unemployment and stimulating the economic development of the nations. Having the entrepreneurship capabilities and skills by graduates can resolve the problem of unemployment and help to development of agricultural sector. Hence, the present study analyzes the strategies of increasing the entrepreneurship of agricultural and natural resources graduates using survey method and strategic model of SWOT. Therefore, the views of 90 experts were used in three groups including experts of Agriculture Jihad Expert of Agricultural Engineering Organization and members of scientific boards and graduates of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. According to the results of this study, 10 strengths and 7 weaknesses in the internal environment and 10 opportunities and 14 threats in the external environment were identified. Also, the results showed that the graduate entrepreneurship has the relative strengths in the internal environment and the relative threat in the external environment. Therefore, based on the present capabilities and capacities, performing the conservative strategies has priority. Then, some strategies for development of agricultural graduate entrepreneurship were offered.

The present research investigates factors influencing rural women’s occupational capability in Ilam County. The statistical population of this study includes employed rural women in Ilam county (N= 1088). Through Cochran formula 323 people were selected as the sample. Sampling was carried out through stratified random sampling. Content and face validity of the questionnaire was determined through experts judgment and its reliability was calculated through Cronbach alpha coefficient (α= 91.3). Data analysis was carried out through descriptive and inferential statistics using SSPS. Correlation and regression analysis were run through stepwise method. Results of regression analysis indicated that variables including occupational barriers, psychological characteristics, economic status, educational factors, family support, educational, type economical activities type, and social status influenced occupational capability of rural women in Ilam County and can predict 80.7 percent of changes in the dependent variable. Among the variables of the model, the variable of occupational barriers had the highest share in predicting the occupational capability as the independent variable.

Self-employment is one of the best options to prepare higher education system learners for employment in the labor market and resolving the unemployment problem but there are barriers against it. The purpose of this study is to assess the self-employment barriers from the perspective of graduate students of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University in Kermanshah. The general approach of research is quantitative and in terms of target is practical. Statistical population consisted of 470 students. Based on random stratified sampling method 52 Ph.D. students and 160 M.Sc. students were selected in order to do this study. Was used data collection, the researcher made questionnaire. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts (scientific board members of department of extension and rural development of Razi University and some of entrepreneurship experts in province) and its reliability was calculated using alpha Cronbach coefficient (α= 0.86). The exploratory factor analysis and SPSS software was used to analyze the results. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors include of training, structural- political, personality and social- economical are the barriers to self-employment from the perspective of students who explained55.76 percent of the total variance. Holding of joint meetings of students with the private sector, become familiar students with the rules of agricultural businesses and setting up educational content based on labor market needs to improve the self-employed status in the future is recommended.

Due to the importance of financing, this research is aimed at evaluating the financing strategies of independent entrepreneurs of agriculture sector in Mazandaran province. Hence, along with a comprehensive literature review in the field of the research, the historical documents of twenty- five agricultural entrepreneurs of Mazandaran province were studied. Afterwards, the efficiencies of two financing strategies namely offensive and conservative strategies were examined by two mathematical models. The results revealed that among twenty-five entrepreneurs, the mathematical model suggested the first strategy for fourteen entrepreneurs and the second strategy for the rest. In addition, the ten and fifteen entrepreneurs preferred to select the first and second strategy respectively. Moreover, the graphic evaluation based on some economic variables hasn’t shown significant differences between the two. Also, the two statistical tests showed that: based on the first test, there isn’t any significant difference between the strategies. But, the second test doesn’t reject the existence of significant difference between the selected strategies of the entrepreneurs and the strategies suggested by the mathematical models.

The present study aims to identify the entrepreneurship development strategies in agricultural sector based on agricultural expert’s views of Science and Technology Park of Kermanshah. The research method study applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The population consisted of entire managers of agricultural sectors wich consist the managers of 49 units from total 229 units located in the Science and Technology Park of Kermanshah. Data were collected using a researcher made questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS. Data validity were confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability (97%). The findings showed that the most important entrepreneurship development strategies in agricultural sector were the infrastructure factors, context strategies, supportive strategies and facilities to the entrepreneurs, motivational and educational strategies, support of government, providing consulting services and acquiring managing skills. The above mentioned factors were exploired about 79.98 percent of the total variance.

Regarding the role of creativity and risk-taking in acquiring entrepreneurship skills and taking account the situation of higher education the role of agriculture in nation, independency, this research alims at investigation creativity and risk-taking among the first-year students of agriculture. The population of this study consists of 338 students. The sample drawn through simple random sampling includes 268 students. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics, ANOVA and DUNCAN test. The result shows that the most of students have weak or very weak level of creativity. Moreover, there are significant differences among under study groups in terms of creativity (99%certain) and farness of thought (95%certain). However, there, is no significant among these groups in terms of risk-taking .In addition there is no difference between the students in 2010 and 2011 in terms of day dream, practicality, clearness of thought and creativity, However, these students are significantly different from those entered in 2013 in terms of the mentioned characteristics. Due to the low level of the under study characteristics in this research and the crucial role of agriculture in the nation’s development it can be recommended that the existing lesson plans and curriculum has to be substantially revised.

The overall goal of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas. The study population included all experts of Agriculture Jihad Organization of Kermanshah Proviance (N=197) that 130 of them were selected using Cochran’s formula. The main research tool Researcher made questionnaire which had been made by a group of experts and its validity and reliability had been coefficient using Spss according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient (91%). The Data in two descriptive and inferential statistics. Inferential statistics used in this study were Friedman nonparametric test and the average rating the results of this study showed that among the factors affecting the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas there is a significant difference statistically; So that based on the view of respondents Environment Factors have the greate impact and Socid factors have the smallest impact on the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas. The other Factors affecting the development of agricultural entrepreneurship include psychological, education and economics. According to the priorities of environmental factors, making appropriate laws and incentives for agricultural entrepreneurial activities and removing barriers such as obtaining permits and commissioning stages of entrepreneurial business, expanding and improving the possibility of living in the rural villages and making the vast possibilities available to villagers can provide the context of development of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas.