فهرست مطالب

پژوهش در طب ورزشی و فناوری - پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

نشریه پژوهش در طب ورزشی و فناوری
پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/05/08
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Moradif., Dehkhoda, M.R., Rajabi, H Page 1
    This study aimed to investigate the effect of protein-carbohydrate supplementation after glycogen depletion on plasma insulin, glucose response and endurance performance in active university students. Thirty male undergraduate men physical education students (age=22.53±1.50 yr, weight=70.13±9.56 kg, height=174.05±5.41 cm) were active in one sport and passed four credit practical course divided into four groups randomly: proteincarbohydrate, carbohydrate, protein supplement and placebo. Constant power ergometer was used for determination of maximum power output (Wmax) and time to exhaustion. After three days, subjects that were overnight fast, performed glycogen depletion protocol at 8:30 A.M. After glycogen depletion, blood sample collected immediately in order to analyze plasma insulin and glucose. The 4 groups consumed Protein-carbohydrate (80g CHO, 28g PRO, 6g FAT), carbohydrate (108g CHO, 6g FAT), protein (40.7g PRO) supplement and placebo (water) 10 minutes and 2 hour post exercise respectively. Thirty minutes after second dose supplement consumption, blood sample collected again in order to analyze plasma insulin and glucose. After recovery subjects performed time to exhaustion test 4 hours after glycogen depletion protocol and recovery. T test used to determined intergroup differences. ANOVA and TUKEY test were used to compare data between the groups and in every case (p<0.05).The results showed insulin, glucose response and time to exhaustion to protein-carbohydrate supplement was greater than carbohydrate, protein and placebo respectively. Carbohydrate supplement also was greater than carbohydrate, protein and placebo in all of variables. In conclusion, the results suggest that muscle glycogen synthesis accelerated and increased with proteincarbohydrate supplement post exercise and glycogen depletion than carbohydrate and protein supplement and time to exhaustion increased in the next exercise or match via this supplementation protocols.
    Keywords: Insulin, Glycogen restoration, Active students, Endurance performance, Protein, Carbohydrate supplement
  • Norouzian, M.*., Mahmoodi, R Page 13
    The purpose of this investigation was to determine cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age adults male with different abdominal obesity and physical activity levels. 40 males aged 35 to 55 years divided to four groups. Group 1: (physically active with high WHR), group2: (physically active with low WHR), group3: (non-active with high WHR), group 4: (non-active with low WHR). Physical activity was assessed using beck's standardized questionnaire. Risk factors included C-reactive proteins levels(CRP), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoproteins (LDL)and total cholesterol (TC) were assessed by taking blood samples and waist to hip ratio(WHR) determined as an abdominal obesity index. Data analyzed using two-way ANOVA, (P≤0.05). No significant differences were seen in risk factors included HDL, LDL and TC levels (P≥0.05).In adults with high & low WHR, the CRP levels were significantly different (P≤0.05)in all groups. Our data suggest that in spite of physical activity levels, abdominal obesity is effective on CRP levels in middleaged adults male.
    Keywords: Physical activity, Abdominal obesity, Cardiovascular risk factors, Middleage adults male
  • Shahbazim., Sadeghi H., Kohandel M., Doroudian A. A Page 25
    The purpose of this investigation was to consider the Fast-Skin swimsuit's effect on the elite female swimmers’ performance. So, twelve elite swimmers swam 50 and 200 m and 400 m trials with and without Fast-Skin at approximately 80- 100% of maximal effort in four swimming styles. In 400 m freestyle swimming, traditional swimsuit compared with shoulder-to-ankle (SA) and shoulder-to-knee (SK) of Fast-Skin (to control intensity, blood lactate and heart-rate was measured). Also the propelling force of subjects was measured with indirect way. Results showed, there was significant reduction in records of 50 m front crawl, backstroke and butterfly, while no significant differences observed in breaststroke. In 200 m for four swimming styles, reduction records were significant. Also, different significant effect seen using traditional swimsuit in comparison with SA and SK. Fast-Skin provide significant increased in propelling force of front crawl, backstroke and butterfly, but no significant propelling force observed in breaststroke. Using SA especially in fast front crawl and semi-endurance butterfly and SK in endurance freestyle are recommended.
    Keywords: Fast, Skin, Elite swimmer, Drag, Four style swimming, Speed, Semiendurance. Endurance swimming
  • Izadi, M Page 39
    The purpose of this research is to survey the relationship between range of the ankle motion and Q angle and back stroke kicking on male swimmers. 34 on available boy students swimmers were selected with mean and SD of age 23.68±2.28 years, weight 71.88±9.35 kg and height 176.11±5.52 cm in this study. First, Right and Left Leg Q angles (to supine position), Range of Dorsal flexion and plantar flexion motion were measured by the use of goniometry. And their mean were calculated Right and Left Leg Q angles. Then test was recorded of back stroke and kicking in distance 15 meter of pool. The number of back stroke kicking done by the use of three referees and cinematography technique. Later, the distance for per back stroke kicking was calculated by the use of mathematical formula. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed the significant positive correlation between Q angle with record of back stroke kicking (r = -0/67, p ≤ 0/05). The results showed that swimmers may not use all their range of the ankle motion, but optimized range of the ankle motion to be their consideration. Also, Q angle measure (Q ≤ 16/23) could be important in success, Talent Identification and selection of mentioned swimmers.
    Keywords: Q angle, Range of The ankle motion, Back stroke
  • Marandi, S. M., Rezayatf., Asfarjanif., Rezaei, Z Page 51
    The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of "Tai Chi" exercise on some of physiological and psychological factors in elderly living in Nursing Home. In this experimental study, 58 elderly male and female age 69.15±5.3 yr, height 154 ± 0.1 cm and weight 58.13 ±4.4 kg, lived in Sadeghie Nursing Home were selected and objectively divided in experimental (n=27) and control groups (n=30). The experimental group trained for 3 month, three session per/week, and 30 minute in each session. Heart rate, blood pressure, hands grip strength, flexibility, Berg balance scale, depression and quality of sleep were measured before and after the exercise program. Data were analyzed for group differences using covariance test. There was no significant group difference in heart rate, blood pressure and flexibility. Hands grip strength, quality of sleep and balance scales were significantly improved and depression significantly decreased in experimental compared with control group. So, it seems that using Tai Chi exercise can improve some of physiological factors, depression and quality of sleep in elderly.
    Keywords: Tai Chi exercise, Muscular strength, Flexibility, Elderly
  • Eftekharis., Khayambashik., Minasianv., Yosefzadeh, M Page 63
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks strength and plyometric trainings on knee joint position sense. In this study, 45 male students (21.7±2.17years, weight 69.7±7.89 kg, and height 177.2±5.83cm) volunteered and selected as subjects to participate in this semi-empirical study. Subjects divided in three groups include strength (n=15), plyometric (n=15) and control (n=15). Strength group trained squat, leg flexion and leg extension and plyometric group trained depth jump, Split squat jump, rim jump and box to box depth jump. Joint position sense measured at three angles 30, 45 and 60 degrees in knee joint by Biodex Isokenitic system 3. One-way ANOVA was used for analysis of data. Results of study showed that trainings significantly improve the joint position sense in initial angel (30degree) on active reproduction and in initial and final angels (30 and 60 degrees) on passive reproduction. In addition, comparison of trainings revealed that strength training in 30 degrees and plyometric training in 30 and 60 degrees significantly improve the joint position sense. Between two methods of training only on passive reproduction at 60 degree, significantly difference was observed (p≤0.05). These protocols can use in rehabilitation to improve proprioception and neuromuscular coordination.
    Keywords: Passive, Active, Joint position sense, University students, Strength, Plyometric training
  • Tofighia., Nozad Gajin, J Page 75
    In many communities, the sport as a method of therapy is used to improve the disabled and veteran's health which has been a useful and effective. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on general health and serotonin levels in inactive veterans.
    Material And Method
    Based on semi experimental design 40 veterans, 25 percent impaired and with age average 40/3±1/4, were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Subjects in the experimental group participated in a period of 12 week’s aerobic exercise training program, which done 3 times a week at 50-65 percent of Vo2max. Control group did not participate in any exercise program during study period. General health of the subjects and its subscales was measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Serotonin levels, VO2max, percent body fat and BMI before and after training for both groups were measured respectively. Data were analyzed using t-tests at 5% alpha error level was performed using SPSS version 16.
    Results
    Data analysis showed significant difference between the two groups in general health. The difference in psychosomatic subscales, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression were observed between two groups. Also, the results of this study showed that after 12 weeks aerobic exercise, percent body fat, BMI and lipid profile decreased significantly in training group. VO2max and serotonin also increased significantly compared with the control group (p<0.05).
    Conclusion
    Aerobic exercise for inactive veterans maybe effective in reducing serotonin levels and increasing general health and placed in line health promotion programs.
    Keywords: Aerobic exercise, General health, Serotonin, Veterans
  • Azada., Gorzi, A Page 85
    Introduction
    Previous studies suggest that, the regular physical activity improves insulin resistance. However, the effect of training sessions a day is not clear in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one or two sessions a day of exercise training, with equal intensity and duration, on insulin resistance in sedentary middle-aged men.
    Materials and Methods
    30 sedentary middle-aged male volunteers (age=43. 6±6. 5 yr, weight=80. 4±13. 6kg, height=174. 1±5. 5cm, BMI=26. 5±3. 6kg/m2،VO2max=35. 46±6ml/kg) randomized to the control (n=10), one session a day (n=10) and two sessions a day training group (n=10). Exercise program consisted of 16 weeks, five days a week, tread mill running which was implemented as one (30 minutes) or two sessions (2×15 minutes) a day. Training intensity was 40-50% of HRmax at first week and reached to 70-80% at 16th week of the training. Measurements of fasting blood samples (insulin, glucose and adiponectin), insulin resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, abdominal obesity and BMI were obtained at baseline and post exercise. Paired t test and analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data.
    Results
    After 16 weeks of training, compared with the control group, a significant reduction in blood glucose, abdominal obesity and BMI, and a significant increase in cardiorespiratory fitness were observed in the both experimental groups; whereas insulin resistance remained unchanged, and adiponectin was significantly increased only in the one session a day training group.
    Conclusion
    based on the findings it seems that, dividing the physical activity session in two shorter parts can improve glucose profile, cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity indicators the same as a continuous exercise session. But in terms of increased adiponectin and decreased abdominal obesity, continuous exercise session is more effective.
    Keywords: Insulin resistance, Adiponectin, Glucose profile, Sessions of exercise training