فهرست مطالب

Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Jul 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/04/21
  • تعداد عناوین: 13
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  • Giovanni Grasso, Iype Cherian Pages 119-120
  • Shahram Paydar, Golnar Sabetian, Hosseinali Khalili, Hamid Reza Abbasi, Shahram Bolandparvaz, Zahra Ghahramani, Behnam Dalfardi, Donat R. Spahn Pages 121-123
  • Mohammad Javad Moradian, Ali Ardalan, Amir Nejati, Ali Darvishi Boloorani, Ali Akbarisari, Behnaz Rastegarfar Pages 124-125
  • Homayoun Sadeghi Bazargani, Mohammad Saadati Pages 126-133
    Objective
    To systematically identify the various methods of speed management and their effects.
    Methods
    A systematic search was performed in Science Direct, Ovid Medline, Scopus, PubMed and ProQuest databases from April to June 2015. Hand searching and reference of selected articles were used to improve article identification. Articles published after 1990 which had reported on efficacy/effectiveness of speed management strategies were included. Data were extracted using pre-defined extraction table.
    Results
    Of the 803 retrieved articles, 22 articles were included in this review. Most of the included articles (63%) had before-after design and were done in European countries. Speed cameras, engineering schemes, intelligent speed adaption (ISA), speed limits and zones, vehicle activated sign and integrated strategies were the most common strategies reported in the literature. Various strategies had different effects on mean speed of the vehicles ranging from 1.6 to 10 km/h. Moreover, 8-65% and 11-71% reduction was reported in person injured accidents and fatal accidents, respectively as a result of employing various strategies.
    Conclusion
    Literature revealed positive effects of various speed management strategies. Using various strategies was mostly dependent on road characteristics, driver’s attitude about the strategy as well as economic and technological capabilities of the country. Political support is considered as a main determinant in selecting speed management strategies.
    Keywords: Speed management, Speed reduction, Effectiveness, Traffic
  • Fariborz Ghaffarpasand, Mostafa Shahrezaei, Maryam Dehghankhalili Pages 134-140
    Objective
    To determine the effects of platelet rich plasma PRP on healing rates of long bone non-union fracture.
    Method
    This was a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial being performed in a 12-month period. We included 75 adult (>18 years) patients suffering from long bone (Femur, Tibia, Humerus and Ulna) non-union fracture who were randomly assigned to receive 5mL PRP (n=37) or 5mL normal saline as placebo (n=38) in the site of fracture after intramedullary nailing or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) along with autologous bone graft. Patients were followed each 45 days till 9 months and were evaluated both clinically and radiologically in each visit. The healing rate, failure rate, incidence of infection, mal-union and limb shortening were recorded and compared between groups after 9 months of follow-up.
    Results
    The healing rate was significantly higher in PRP group compared to placebo (81.1% vs. 55.3%; p=0.025). The limb shortening was significantly higher in those who received placebo (2.61±1.5 vs. 1.88±1.2mm; p=0.030). Injection of PRP was also associated with lower pain scores (p=0.003) and shorter healing duration (p=0.046). The surgical site infection (p=0.262) and mal-union rate (p=0.736) were comparable between groups.
    Conclusion
    Application of PRP along with autologous bone graft in the site of non-union of long bone after intramedullary nailing or ORIF results in higher cure rate, shorter healing duration, lower limb shortening and less postoperative pain. Higher infection rate might be a complication of PRP application.
    Keywords: Non, union, Long bone fracture, Platelet rich plasma (PRP), Intramedullary nailing, Open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF)
  • Ahmadreza Nobakhti, Afshar, Alireza Najafpour, Rahim Mohammadi, Leila Zarei Pages 141-149
    Objective
    To assess the neuroprotective effects of local administration of 17- beta- estradiol on nerve regeneration.
    Methods
    Sixty female Wistar rats were overiectomized and divided into four experimental groups (n = 15), randomly: In autograft group a segment of sciatic nerve was transected and re-implanted reversely. In sham-surgery group sciatic nerve was exposed and manipulated. In transected group left sciatic nerve was transected and stumps were fixed in adjacent muscle. In treatment group defect was bridged using a silicon conduit filled with 10 µL (0.1 mg/mL) 17- beta- estradiol. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups of five animals each and nerve fibers were studied in a 12-week period.
    Results
    Behavioral, functional, biomechanical, electrophysiological and gastrocnemius muscle mass findings and morphometric indices confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in treatment group than in other groups (p
    Conclusion
    Local administration of 17-beta-estradiol improved functional recovery and morphometric indices of sciatic nerve. It could have clinical implications for the surgical management of patients after facial nerve transection.
    Keywords: Nerve regeneration, Sciatic nerve, 17, beta, estradiol, Local administration, Rat
  • Isidro Martinez Casas, Maria Auxiliadora Amador Marchante, Mihai Paduraru, Ana Isabel Fabregues Olea, Andreu Nolasco Bonmati, Juan Carlos Medina Pages 150-155
    Objective
    To determine the predictive and diagnostic value of thorax trauma severity score (TTSS) in a population of thoracic trauma patients admitted to a secondary level trauma center.
    Methods
    A Retrospective analysis of patients admitted over a period of two years with IDC-9 codes related to thoracic trauma was undertaken. The association of TTSS with complications and mortality was evaluated. We also determined the predictive value of TTSS using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).
    Results
    238 patients with thoracic trauma, mostly middle-aged (62.2 ± 15 years), were included. The main mechanisms of injury were falls and traffic accidents. Thirty-three patients had important extra-thoracic injuries, but only 9 presented an ISS> 15. The average ISS was 3 ± 5; Morbidity was 2.5% and mortality was 2.1% as a result of thoracic injury and these patients had significantly higherTTSS values. Each score component was analyzed separately, showing significant association with complications and mortality. The area under the curve for TTSS was significant for predicting complications (0.848) and mortality (0.856) values. TTSS with a cut off value of 8 points had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 94% to predict complications and 80% sensitivity and 94% specificity for predicting mortality.
    Conclusions
    The TTSS is an appropriate and feasible tool to predict the development of complications or mortality in a population of mostly mild thoracic trauma.
    Keywords: Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS), Thoracic Trauma, Mortality, Morbidity, Predictive value
  • Mojtaba Javaherzadeh, Ali Shekarchizadeh, Marjan Kafaei, Abass Mirafshrieh, Nariman Mosaffa, Babak Sabet Pages 156-160
    Objective
    To determine the preventive effects of local administration of simvastatin for postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion formation in animal model of rat.
    Methods
    In this experimental study, 32 Wistar albino rats as the animal model of intra-abdominal adhesion formation were included. Adhesions were induced in all the animals via abrasion of the peritoneal and intestinal surface during laparotomy. Afterwards, the rats were randomly assigned to receive simvastatin (30 mg/kg body weight) as a single intraperitoneal dose at the time of laparotomy (n=16) or normal saline in same volume at the same time (n=16). At the day 21, animals were euthanized and the adhesions were quantified clinically (via repeated laparotomy) and pathologically and compared between the two groups.
    Results
    The baseline characteristics of the animals were comparable between two study groups. Clinically, in simvastatin group, 10 rats (62.5%) did not develop any adhesion and 6 (37.5%) had first-grade adhesion; whereas in the control group, 11 (68.8%) rats had first- and 5 (31.2%) had second-grade adhesions (p
    Conclusion
    Our findings suggest that intraperitoneal administration of simvastatin is an effective method for prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion formation in animal model of rat.
    Keywords: Intra, abdominal adhesion, Simvastatin, Laparotomy, Rat, Prevention
  • Mohammad Sadegh Masoudi, Elahe Rezaee, Hasan Ali Hakiminejad, Maryam Tavakoli, Tayebe Sadeghpoor Pages 161-164
    Main goal in the management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is control of intracranial pressure (ICP). Decompressive craniectomy is an accepted technique for control of refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with severe TBI. Because of high complication rate after decompressive craniectomy, new techniques such as basal cisternostomy have developed. We herein report a case of severe TBI in a 13-year-old boy treated by cisternostomy. The patient was admitted following a motor vehicle accident. Brain CT scan showed diffuse brain edema, left frontal contusion and posterior interhemispheric subdural hematoma. The patient underwent ICP monitoring. Subsequently, with 26 mmHg mean-value of ICP, he was treated surgically by cisternostomy technique. A progressive improvement of the neurological conditions in the following hours. After 5 days the boy was discharged and in the 3-months follow-up he was completely recovered. Cisternostomy could be an appropriate alternative to decompressive craniectomy for management of intracranial hypertension in patietns with sever TBI.
    Keywords: Severe traumatic brain injury, Intracranial hypertension, Cisternostomy, Outcome
  • Ashley K. Losing, Justin M. Jones, Adis Keric, Steven E. Briggs, David D. Leedahl Pages 165-169
    Ketamine is a promising alternative agent for pain control that offers benefit to traditional strategies, particularly in the setting of rib fracture. Current pharmacologic therapies have clear adverse effects, and other options may be invasive, cost prohibitive, or marginally effective. We describe three consecutive patients with traumatic injuries including rib fracture for which a ketamine infusion was utilized as part of their pain control strategy. For each patient, use of a ketamine infusion trended toward reduced opioid requirements with stable pain scores. One patient experienced a dissociative adverse effect prompting decrease and discontinuation of ketamine. No pulmonary complications in the form of emergent intubation or new diagnosis of pneumonia were observed. We believe the addition of ketamine infusion to be a valid alternative strategy for managing pain associated with rib fracture.
    Keywords: Thoracic injury, Rib fracture, Pain management, Ketamine
  • Babak Pourabbas, Mohammad Ali Effani, Asghar Namdari Pages 170-173
    Traumatic retrolisthesis is a rare injury and may result in intervertebral disc extrusion and nerve root injury. These injuries are highly unstable and require surgery for decompression and stabilization. Traumatic retrolisthesis of L5 with acute L5/S1 disc extrusion associated with nerve root injury has not been reported previously in English literatures. We herein report a case of traumatic retrolisthesis of L5 and extruded disc. A 22 year-old patient presented with lower extremity weakness due to L5/S1 retrolisthesis and traumatic acute L5/S1 disc extrusion after falling of 8 meters height. The patient underwent surgical decompression and reduction with instrumentation. Accordingly complete recovery of neurologic deficit was occurred. Therefore, early decompression of the nerve roots followed by circumferential instrumentation and fusion of the involved segment results in dramatic improvement in neurologic symptoms.
    Keywords: Traumatic retrolisthesis, Lumbar disc extrusion, Neurologic deficit
  • F. Javier Fonseca Del Pozo, Joaquin Valle Alonso, Miguel Angel Caracuel Ruiz, Siyamini Vythilingam, Daniel Lopez Ruiz Pages 174-179
    Vertebral osteomyelitis, or spondylodiscitis, is a rare disease with increasing prevalence in recent years due to a greater number of spinal surgical procedures, nosocomial bacteraemia, an aging population and intravenous drug addiction. Haematogenous infection is the most common cause of spondylodiscitis. We report a 47-year-old man diagnosed with Escherichia coli spondylodiscitis. The patient initially presented with a 4-day history of inflammatory, mechanical pain in the lower back suggesting sciatica. Treatment included NSAIDs and opioids. Two days after discharge from hospital following an admission due to an upper GI bleeding, the back pain intensified, precipitating a new attendance to the emergency department; during which lumbosacral radiography showed marked reduction of L2/L3 intervertebral space. After a new admission to the rheumatology unit due to worsening of symptoms and raised inflammatory markers, an expedited MRI showed loss of intervertebral disc space at L2/L3, with an irregular high intensity area at L2; suggesting a fluid collection extending to adjacent soft tissues. Fluoroscopy-guided core needle bone biopsies were reported positive for Escherichia coli sensitive to ceftriaxone. The patient was treated (received treatment) with a three week course of ceftriaxone following a formal diagnosis of E. coli spondylodiscitis. Follow-up MRI demonstrated complete recovery with the patient able to return (has returned) to normal activity. In this case we highlight the importance of correct and timely diagnosis of spondylodiscitis. Diagnosis of spondylodiscitis is often difficult, delayed or even missed due to the rarity of the disease but can lead to devastating consequences. Therefore a high index of suspicion is needed for prompt diagnosis to ensure improved long-term outcomes.
    Keywords: Spondylodiscitis, Escheria coli, Back pain
  • Rohat Ak, Ebru Unal Akoglu, Ozge Ecmel Onur Pages 180-181