فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ فرهنگی
پیاپی 10 (زمستان 1390)

Muslims believed in a different medicine system based on Prophet and Imam's narratives during medieval ages. Authors try to clarify aspects of Medieval Iranian religious medicine discourse. Employing an analytic approach base upon first hand resources including manuscripts we have tried to study in question historical data. Surveying of articulation of religious medicine discourse and its relation to scientific medical discourse would be considered as one of the main achievements.

Capital is the predominant foundation of economical, political, administrative, even cultural and social affairs in history of Iran and various elements shaped the structure and administrative system of the capital. Beside geographical, economical, political, social, geopolitical and administrative characteristics of the country, cities with regard to different reasons had experienced the rank of a capital for a long or short period, while government had an important role in selection, development and structure of capitals in various basis and characteristics. Seljuk extended the geographical territory of Iranshahr (land of Iran) in Islamic period towards the borders of ancient era of Iran. The vast territory similar to Achaemenids involved the centralization of power in a large capital as the main center of government and other conjoint capitals as the smaller centers of power. Nishabur, Ray, Isfahan, Marv, Qunieh, Kerman, Hamedan, Yazd and Shiraz beside some other cities were the governance and sovereignty center of the great Seljuk, Seljuk of Anatolia, Qavardian (Seljuk of Kerman) and Atabaks. They had settled their capital system not only by enjoying the traditions and capital system in Iran as an ancient heritage transferred from government such as Buyids to Seljuk, but also by using the distribution of the power in capitals alongside with a great and palatial capital of Isfahan. This article will study the capital system of Iran during Seljuk period with an emphasis on multiple capitals of Seljuk of Kerman in order to analyze the elements and patterns of selection, body development and social, cultural, economical, administrative and political progress, the importance and the position of the cities from the capital system point of view.

Imperial Bank of Persia which had been founded under concession of Reuter in Iran had established numerous branches in various cities. Form the establishment of the British Imperial Bank in different cities of Iran, there were some relationships between the bank and various social classes in a different status according to the rank of the class and the situation of the peoples. Birjand Royal Bank is amongst of these branches. This branch of the bank in Birjand performed commercial-mercantile, financial and credit matters of this region. Therefore, it formed the relationship of this branch with three social classes of local governors, merchants and ordinary people. This bank had a friendly relationship with governors and agents of this region and assumed the financial and credit matters of these persons and provided their custom-made goods, while local governors supplied the security of guard, employees and caravans of the bank. The bank also operated the cash and illiquid transitions of the merchants and ordinary people with other branches. Apart from these credit relations, sometimes bank interfered as a mediator in the personal, proprietary and financial conflicts between people and the governors. This article will study and analyze the relationship of the bank with local governors, merchants and ordinary people and evaluate the essential factors in these interactions.

There were two separate parts in the Juridical Divan in Abbasid administration: the organization of judiciary which presides by the judges and Divan of the maẓālim that was in the custody of Caliph and in some cases his lieutenants. Though the tasks and activities of each had been specified, the study of historical sources of that period signifies several changes and transitions in this Divan. These transitions resulted in a reformation and change in position, role, tasks, latitude and generally the situation of the Divan. Amongst the evaluation of the juridical Divan, during the Abbasids, are: opportunities of participating in official affairs, the advent of the supreme judge in administrative system, taking role in political affairs, limitation of the responsibilities of the supreme judge and finally abolish of the supreme judge. Based on descriptive – analytical approach and according to the historical sources, this article will study the above subjects and the evolve in the situation of judges in political and administrative structure of the Abbasid reign.

This article will analyze the Tehran–Qum Highway Concession which relegated to Amin al- Sultan in 1301 AH. This period was temporary to the 19th century which is has been known as the Century of Highways and Railroad. Following the attempts that had been made in Iran in order to reach this standard of development, some road construction concessions had been relegated. Tehran-Qum Highway Concession was one of the most important of these concessions. This concession connected the political capital and the religious capital of Iran and due to the political and cultural importance of these two cities, this concession can be analyzed in different aspects. This article will analyze the concession and its effects in political, economical, social and cultural aspects.

This article studies the behavior of distinctive companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Ghazawat. Multiplicity of the wars during the Prophet’s residing in Medina according to the historical records, paved the way for a study on typology of his companions and their participation in wars. Due to the importance of economic factors in evaluating the behavior of people, the correlation of these factors and the extent of the accompaniment of Companions in Ghazawat have been studied in this article.Research method in this article is based on quantitative method, prevalence survey and typology. Data of the research have been managed as tables and graphs; and the frequency of companions in one of the five types: maximum effective participant, semi effective-participant, minimum effective participant and effective non-participant have been studied. According to the findings of the research there is a significant relationship between the accompany rate and economic situation of companions who were presented in Ghazavat.The most percentage of the companion's participants in the first and second taxonomy is related to the Middle economical classes and then to the upper economic classes, But in the third remained taxonomy, which their main tendency is not participation, ratio of the upper economical classes in comparison to the other two classes has an obvious increase.