فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ فرهنگی
پیاپی 14 (زمستان 1391)

Based on the pattern of public religions sociology, which its stems are in Max Weber’s studies in public religions, it could be found the elements such as eclectic ideas, the priority of the faith that has been applied in the context of the life than the faith that has been recommended, mythicism and the believing in earthy saviour between beliefs of the masses.Through an historical - sociological analysis it could be shown that the appearance of these religious elements in the religious ideas of the masses, as the main part of the movement of Black Garments, more than being an outcome of the type of the religion of the lower strata of the Iranian society of that time, it has been stemmed in the political - sociological situation of that era, which made a transient period by the beginning of Arab invasion and the collide of two cultures, to races and two religions, that it caused a widespread social change. If we split the Shuubiyyah movement into two general form, radical (military) and moderate (political - cultural), then the struggles of the society’s lower strata in that period could be categorized in the radical branch of Shuubiyyah. It should be noted that from the authors view, those peoples’ activities were not emerged from their sympathy to Sassanid and their tendency to protect Iranian identity, but it was a negative campaign against the fake carriers of the Islamic faith.In fact, the ensigns of those social - economic struggles were searching the Mazdak teachings inside Islamic faith and in a new interpretation it could be assumed that the teachings of Islam, itself was the greatest cause of those movements.

Genealogy، Genealogy Construction، Grounds، Areas، History of Iran، Medieval HistoryThe political culture of Iran in medieval centuries، has considered the blood lineage with ancient Iran and Its mythical – historical figures as one of the basic conditions and requirements for legitimacy، power and most importantly، those elements’ continuity. On the other hand، the lacks of blood lineage with ancient Iran were considered as serious threat and deficiency for each government. Thus a part of concerns and mentality power and special dedications of rulers and their scholars were devoted to the implication of the policy of construction of fake genealogy and its propaganda. However their efforts were faced with serious doubts، but the persistence of this issue in all those centuries and the diligently pursuance of that policy، reflects the effectiveness and influence of those efforts on the public opinion of that era. In this regard، some basic questions could be raised such as the question about the reasons which actuated the governments to construct fake genealogy in those periods and why the mythical and historical figures were introduced as the reference ancestries. The results of the research show that the governments of that era have chosen the policy of genealogy construction in the light of the historical vision of Iranian society as their priority to legitimate their rule and to deal with contempts and to balance with the other competitors.

Undoubtedly the era of Constitutional Revolution is a milestone in the contemporary history of Iran. During this era, the Iranian society experienced changes in different dimensions. Some changes have been occurred in the field of Iranian identity elements. Persian language and literature, as well as previous periods, played an important role in the reconstruction and deepening of Iranian national identity in contemporary history of Iran.This paper is trying to study the attention has been paid to the national identity elements in Divan of Mirzadeh Eshghi by applying the Content Analysis Method. In this regard, the national identity elements such as national values, religious values and western culture have been surveyed by using some variables. The results of this study show that Mirzadeh Eshghi in his Divan, has paid particular attention to the character and identity of Iranians. The results show that despite the changes occurred in identity elements of Iranian during Constitutional Revolution era, the national values have preserved theirs position.

The immigration of the Ulama of Iraq to Iran was one of the most important events of Iran, which has been occurred in the beginning of years 1301 and 1302 hijri shamsi. The result of that immigration was the accomplishment of gathering of a group of famous Ulama and figures that played a prominent role in the Iranian issues. This research has studied the immigration of Ulama to Iran and its reflections and consequences by applying the descriptive – analytical method. This immigration was conducted in two period, the first occurred in middle of 1301 shamsi, contemporary with Malik Feisal reign, which Sheikh Mohammad Khalesizadeh and Sayyid Muhammad Sadr along with some of Iraqi political activists have been exiled from Iraq to Iran on that period. The second wave of immigration which was followed by reflections has been started in the late spring 1302, whereby some of maraji and leading authorities of “Atabat” were exiled to Iran. Immigration of Ulama to Iran and its reflection in the society, the dealing of Ulama of Iran with immigrant Ulama and the results and consequences of this event are the main topics of this paper.

لَقَدْ كانَ فى قَصَصِهِمْ عِبْرَةٌ لاِوُلِى الاَْلْبابِ Indeed, in their stories is a lesson for those of understanding. Between the years of 1845 to 1849, prevalence of a pathogenic fungi plant diseases resulted to the destruction of a large part of the potato crops of Ireland. This great disaster caused many changes in the political, social and cultural situation of Ireland and Britain. The fanatically religious beliefs of Irish and theirs adherence to superstitions and the subtle policy of the United States of America administration in attracting Irish immigrants, along with the changes occurred in Irish literature are some considerable issues of this event. In this paper, the authors tried to show the interaction of involved factors between and after the events and to present the tangled political, religious and cultural factors in this country. The emergence of the science of plant disease or plant pathology (phytopathology) as a result of efforts of scientists during several centuries that has recognized as a outcome of the that famine, the shake of some weak basis of sciences and the importance of the attention of scholars of humanities, in the social, historical and economics fields, to some areas such as the role of the organisms which causing damage to crops in the formation of economic, social, cultural and political changes, have been noted in this paper.

History of Iran during the era of Al-e Buyeh (320-447 hijri) was one the most important periods of the mosque’s role in various aspects. Mosque as the most efficient Muslim religious institution, played a central role in the continuity of Muslims’ socio - political life, especially Iranians of Al-e Buyeh shi’i government. In fact the mosque played the role of power construction.Social – political history of Iran during this period has been under the influence of mosque and its functions. In this paper, the authors tried to explain the influential role of mosque in political changes of that period in Iran history alongside a description of the most functions of Mosques during the era of Al-e Buyeh. In this paper the mechanism of the efforts of Al-e Buyeh emirs to use the functions of mosque In order to establish authority and legitimacy has been studies. The results of this research show the frequent use of Al-e Buyeh government from mosque in many aspects to achieve their political and social goals, especially in Baghdad and important cities of Jebal states.Al-e Buyeh also benefited from mosque and its functions for legitimization, control of political protest and the reading of sermons.