فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ فرهنگی
پیاپی 15 (بهار 1392)

The long - lasting Kassites reign, as an influential government in the west Asia, was the most stable empire in the history of Ancient Babylon. Their entry into the Mesopotamia resulted to the establishment of a five hundred and seventy six years rule. Evidence from ancient Egypt represents the international power and influence of the Kassites during their rule over Babylon. But because of numerous internal problems and events which occurred in the scene of ancient west Asia, their rule declined. By the weakness of the Kassites rule, especially during Keshtiliash the forth (1235-1242 BC) which their power decreased to its lowest level, they were caught between two powerful opponents: Assyria and Elam. Their wars with Assyria and the Assyrian expeditions to their territory weakened the Kassites’ military force. So their long rule over Mesopotamia was ended by the Elamites.In this paper authors tried to study the internal and external causes which resulted to the collapse of their rule around 1157 BC by using ancient sources and recent researches with applying the historical research method.

The main goal of this paper is to study and analyze the contexts and reasons of the Khans of Khwarezm and Marv to give asylum to the Safavid Government and to analyze the impacts of these asylums on the relations of the Safavid Government with the Uzbeks. The findings of this research showes that in this period, some Khans of Khwarezm and Marv as the result of the expansionist policy of the Uzbek sultans, worried about their lives and with the hope of finding ally and regain their power, turned to the court of Iran. Shāh, Abbās I took the advantage of this opportunity and by intervention in the internal conflicts of Uzbek rulers, succeeded to restore the sovereignty and influence of Iran in the eastern borders and Khorasan. This policy of Shāh ‘Abbās to use the opportunities for the establishment of friendly relationship with Arabshahi Uzbek Emirs of Khwarezm region played an significant role in reducing the next Shaybanid Uzbeks invasions of Iran.

This paper is an introduction to the recognition of the cultural and social life of Arab tribes of Iraq, as one the most important constituent elements of demographic composition of this country, which has not experienced much changes despite the passage of many centuries. The main problem of the paper is about the cultural - social life of the tribe and its constituent units as a factor in the continuity and sustainability of the tribe identity by the default that some of Iraqi tribal customs are rooted in Arabian peninsula as the origin of the continuous migration of those tribes, that the passage of time also has not resulted to the removal of those customs. It should be noted that the adherence to the tribal structure has been continued in the life of Iraqi Arab tribes despite the many changes occurred in this country.The research achievements beside recognition of the Iraqi tribes’ cultural - social relations during 17-19 centuries, noted that the contemporary government of Iraq has been established and consolidated with such a tribal context. Paying attention to this matter will be very helpful to understand the function of Iraqi government.

The goal of this research is to study and analyze the philosophical thought of geometric motifs in plaster mouldings of early Islamic centuries. Greek Philosophical thought, especially philosophy of Plato and Pythagoras is among the sciences which had been affected the interpretation and analysis of the Islamic art motifs. This research documents are the works of architecture, especially plaster mouldings of Islamic treasure of National Museum of Iran. In This research, the authors tried to answer the question on the reflection of the scientific process of early Islamic centuries in the art of Iran, especially in the case of geometric motifs of plaster mouldings by description, analysis and comparison of the data which has been collected by field and library searches. Based on the hypothesis of this study, the scientific interactions of Muslims in the early Islamic era made the interpretation of the motifs of Islamic are, especially the plaster mouldings, richer. This research shows that the themes of the motifs of the early Islamic era are a combination of Islamic and Greek themes which had been emanated from the common scientific interactions in the early Islamic period.

The present study is one of the first attempts to clarify the status of the administrative geography of the Pars province during Sassanid Period. Pars province not only was the Sassanid religious and political center, also it was one the strategic and important administrative regions of the Sassanian Empire. In addition to primary historical texts and the Sassanid Pahlavi inscriptions, the early Islamic centuries’ geographers also presented descriptions of administrative divisions of the Pars province. With this approach it is somewhat possible to reconstruct an image of the Pars administrative system as a subset of the administrative system of the Sassanian Territory. The result of this research show that the Pars province had has an organized administration according to the empire administrative divisions with Hierarchical structure. Each of administrative units of this organized system, according to the geographical range and political function, had has a degree of importance and were governed under supervision of a specific official. In this research to achieve reliable and consistent results, in addition to use documentary historical research, primary historical sources have been used.

Rey, during Islamic period, unlike its neighboring city, Qom, benefited from thought and religious diversity and the Shiites (Imami, Zaidi, Ismaili) and Hanafis, with different trends of thought such as Mutazili, Kallabi, Jahmi, etc, succeeded to achieve considerable progress in different fields in this city. After the changes occurred in Rey, this city became the center of attention and the migration destination of scholars such as Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī, Qazi Abdul Jabbar Mutazili and figures from Babouyeh Family, who benefited from the scientific and cultural facilities that had been gathered in the city. The main problem of this paper is about the factors which led to achieve the noted progress for Shiites in various fields.In this paper and after surveying the sources, the result show that Shiites’ peaceful approach in social interactions with other religions and sects of Rey, allow them the opportunity to play an active role and on the other hand, the efforts of the Buyids to support Shiites were another significant factor of this progress.