فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ فرهنگی
پیاپی 7 (بهار 1390)

Abu Mohammad Jaber ibn e Yazid e Jofi (deceased or born in 128 Hijri), is one of the well-known followers of Imam Mohammad Bagher and Imam Sadegh. He was one of greatest Imamieh Shiite Ulama and he believed in Return (Rujat). Due to Jaber attention to hidden meanings of verses and hadiths, that has been emphasized in some narratives and words that he quoted, thus Ghulat introduced him as one of their seniors. Ghulat abuse of his fame and character, caused that some figures assumed him as a semi Ghali or introduced him as a semi radical Ghali. Some figures also expressly introduced him as a Ghali. But with survey on the reasons of the judgment about him between early Shiite Rejalian and with reference to the narratives that approve him and the words of early Shiite experts in heresies in denial of the exaggeration (gholove) slur about him, and with attention in his narrative's type and his attention to hidden meanings and concepts that could pave the way of Ghulat abuse of him, we could deny the charge of exaggeration (gholove) about him.

Safavid Era is one the most important period of Iran Medieval History from the perspective of development in International Cooperation. In this period, both Safavid Reign and Western Authorities showed high willingness to make connection and bilateral cooperation.These relations were not limited to political issues. On that period to make commercial relations, especially by the recent western companies in east, was very important. Those companies were eager to trade with Iran.Thus, they were obliged to make connection with some Court Officials such as Sadr e Azam, Mostofi e Khasseh and Shahbandar e Bandar e Abbas. Because those Officials were playing an important role in commercial activities, especially in signing of contracts and endowment of privileges, therefore it was very important to draw their attention. In addition, to get the support of governors of the cities which located in the path of those trades was very useful.As a result, the companies used every means such as gifts and bribes to get support from those Officials to reach their goals, even to throw their rivals from the field.The question of this paper is about the influence of gifts on the relation of East India Companies and Safavid Reign. Based upon evidence, it seems gifts paved the way of dominance over the government bodies and thus development of these companie's trades in Iran and enhance the level of competition of these companies in Iran. Each of those companies tried to donate more convenient gifts and to accompany more figures to achieve its goals.

Document is the raw material of historical event's report.Sometimes we use documents as a makeup instrument for our texts and sometime we use documents with a prior theory.If we define document as a multifunctional raw material, its especial function will to play the role of mediator for quality mutation from descriptive writing to explanation of historical events.In the process of event's survey, it is better to present a testimonial and comprehensive explanation of event than to present a descriptive explanation. This approach will be applied by new research methods.In the understanding process of historical events, documents would not be useful by themselves. But research auxiliary elements will force the documents to reveal their inside.Documents have equal value in the descriptive explanation of historical events; but in theoretical explanation of history, some documents lose their value and some documents get more importance. Author is trying to propose a model for historical research based on documents. To achieve this goal author will try to use some documents from Qajar period as samples. It seems this approach will pave the way of acceding to the field of inward survey of history of changes in contemporary Iran.

Constitutional revolution prepared the context for people to play role in the organizing process of social, political and economical realms. Mass of people found themselves as an active parameter in the context of determination, after centuries bearing the tyranny. This situation prepared a great necessity to codification of Baladiyeh Law by Member of National Consultative Assembly. After the approval and signature of Baladiyeh Law in 20th rabi ul sani 1325, the Baladiyeh Society established in some cities of Iran. Isfahan was one of those cities.Isfahan Baladiyeh Society succeeded in the field of welfare such as hygiene of city, confronting the seller's fraud, restoration of monuments, city lights… to enhance the quality of Isfahan resident's life.

The changes those occurred in the second half of Qajar Era in the economy of Iran, changed many fields of the country. Agriculture also influenced by those changes, like other economical and social fields of the country.To survey on the influence of economical changes of Ghaenat in the second half of Qajar Dynasty on the agriculture of this Velayat and its consequences is the problem of this research.Due to this research after the development of domestic and foreign trade in the end of nineteenth and the beginning of twentieth century, the Ghaenat remote and border Velayat turned to a hub in the trade of Russia, Britain India and Iran in the eastern part of country. Thus the agriculture of Velayat experienced of the process of commercialization. Increase in the production of export products like Opium, Saffron and Silk, and in the other hand, decrease in the production of essential products like Wheat and Barley were one of the character of this new process.

The blackness of the Abbasid banners and garments in the process of their movement and institution, made them famous as Musawwida (Holder of the Black Color). Therefore, their cultural agents tried to preach it as a special color for the Abbasid family and their followers in the Islamic historiography. The question which has been settled in the observation center of the current study is: For which aim, did Abbasids choose the black color?This article – under the descriptive and analytic approach- tries to show that Abbasids used the black color-in the movement course- as an instrument to absorb Shiite and Alid groups for fighting against Umayyads. But the black color was used for obtaining the political legitimacy by them in the institution course.

The theme of this research is the Iranian Women Movement from Constitutional Revolution to 28th Mordad coup d'état The problem of this research is to find the reasons of failure of left – wing women efforts in the Iranian Women Movement.To find the roots of this event, the Parson's Functionalist Theory has been applied.The claim of this research is: Active left – wing organization in Iranian Women Movement failed to reach their goals because of their inconformity with Iran Social Culture, recede from their primary goals (to gain women rights) and their instability. The result of this research showed that Left- wing Women activist groups in Iranian Women Movement due to their dependency to the left parties, especially Tudeh party, suffered severe damages.And the problems that struck the columns of Tudeh Party affected the affiliated Women Organization of the party and led to the failure of their efforts in Iranian Women Movement.