فصلنامه مطالعات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 14 (تابستان 1394)

Implication of classic finance and rational investors had been the crucial basics of finance. The context of Classic finance explains rules which investors were dealt with in a rational market.The assumption of rational investors, as a simple model of human behavior, is the main foundation of classic finance and almost all the classic financial theories such as portfolio theory, capital asset pricing model, efficient market theory, agency theory and etc., are affected by.But in recent years, the emergence of phenomena such as speculative bubbles in the stock market, excessive price volatility, as investors over react or under react to new information, and many other anomalies that are against efficient market theory, create a new paradigm known as “behavioral finance ". Behavioral models investigate investor’s bias in response to the reality and suggest that the reaction of investors to the information can be different.This research studies one of the effective behavioral factors on trading strategies with the aim of knowledge for understanding momentum or reversing prices.

Valuation is important topic in corporate finance and investment. One of the objectives of representing accounting information is providing information for investment decisions and the choosing among the investment options. Firm value is associated with accounting information, since accounting income aims to determine per share cash flow. Clean Surplus Model links book value of assets with the firm inherent value. This model judge that the value of the company equals book value of stock accompanying with the present value of abnormal future earnings. In the mentioned model earnings are reflected in the balance sheet after they are presented in income statement; however in order to prevent earning volatility some of the items are transferred to balance sheet directly. These items are called dirty surplus. Therefore considering these items in valuation models is debatable. This paper describes the clean surplus and dirty surplus models.

Nowadays the success of any company depends on its ability to adapt and keep pace with rapid technological market changes. Here, what distinguishes organizations from each other, regardless of capital, technology, equipments, primary materials, etc is skilled and efficient human resources which with no doubt can be considered as the most important factor in the success or failure of organizations. However, despite the increasing importance of the human factor and the intellectual capital, this valuable asset does not have a reflection in the balance sheet and, as a result, we can not deny the necessity of using human resources accounting as a tool for the evaluation of this important matter in order to report in financial statements to adopt correct and optimal decisions and achieve competitive advantage. In this paper while over viewing the emergence and evolution of a new phenomenon know as human resource accounting, will consider some of the applications, dimensions and challenges of this system, and in the end, give some useful suggestions on how to use this powerful tool.

In this paper the functional fixation hypothesis is tested from investors’ viewpoint for separation of continuous and noncontinuous components of earnings. The functional fixation hypothesis states that investors interpret earnings regardless of related accounting methods and persistence of its component. So naive investors do not analyze earnings figures in detail (ie, continuous and non-continuous components) and instead they focus on the bottom line. Furthermore, the literature argues that non-continuous component has less persistence than continuous component and non-continuous component growth in current period which leads to low returns in future. The functional fixation hypothesis was tested using the data of 153 listed companies quoted in the TSE for 7 years (1382- 1389). Our findings show that there is a powerful evidence for the hypothesis explanatory power.

This study tends to analyze the impact of Accounting Information System (AIS) on management decision making.In research design of this study the information of 83 managers of Kermanshah Business Banks were used and the needs data were collected using questionnaire.Data were analyzed by the SPSS software.The results show that: Managers use AIS for decision making. AIS have effects on management decision. AIS provide needed information for managers. There is no significant relationship between using of AIS and level of education. There is no significant relationship between using of AIS and field of education. There is no significant relationship between using of AIS and type of university.

With the increasing globalization of markets, the need for using of foreign investment opportunities and access to comparable and reliable information and reduce the cost of comparison of financial statements that are prepared using national standards, lead to tend to harmonization and convergence of accounting standards in the country. Coordinate, which is defined as an agreement at the international level in order to better understand the optimal flow of information takes place. The International Financial Reporting Standards are effective tool for increasing transparency and intelligibility information in the business of financial institutions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the adoption and challenges of international financial reporting standards and harmonization whit national standards of accounting.

Availability of Transparent and comparable financial information is one of the most important elements of accountability and informed decision making, and have an impact on economic development. However financial information can be extracted from various sources, but at present financial statements constitute the primary core of information resources, and accountants are responsible for preparing and presenting these statements. According to the fact that statements are prepared and reported according to the accounting standards, develop of accounting standards have special importance. This research attempt to answer this question: "Whether application of accounting standards of 30 and 31 affect Performance Evaluation Criteria and Earnings Response Coefficient?" In this research, the information content of the earning has been measured by using Performance evaluation criteria and Earnings Response Coefficient such as Economic Value Added, Adjusted Economic Value Added, Rate of return on assets, and Rate of return on equity. In order to perform this study, information of 122 companies listed in Tehran stock exchange were selected as a statistical sample. The results of the data analysis, by using regression techniques based on combined data, indicate that application of accounting standards of 30 and 31 has statistically significant effect on Economic Value Added, Rate of return on assets, Rate of return on equity, and also Earnings response coefficient. But these standards have no statistically significant effect on Adjusted Economic Value Added.