Caspian Journal of Dental Research
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Mar 2014

The habit of smokeless tobacco chewing is one of the known risk factors for oral cancer among the residents of southeast of Iran. Most likely, the antioxidant defense system in dealing with free radicals induced paan and prevention of oral cancer is important. In this study, the activity of super oxide dismutase is compared in the saliva of paan consumers and non-consumers. In this study, Unstimulated saliva of 87 subjects (47 paan consumers and 40 non-consumers) who referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Dentistry School of Zahedan was collected. The activity of super oxide dismutase enzyme was measured by standard biochemical methods (Mc Cord and Fridovich) and the obtained data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS-15 through non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The mean activity of super oxide dismutase was significantly higher in the paan consumers group (4.4±1.6 u/mg) compared to non-consumers (3.59±1.8 u/mg, p=0.027). The results of this study demonstrate that consumption of paan leads to increased activity of salivary super oxide dismutase.

Noise in dental offices is one of the risk factors in the workplace. One of the major effects of noise is hearing loss. This study aimed to determine the effects of noise on hearing thresholds of dentists of Babol city. This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 40 dentists in Babol City (as case group) and 40 office workers (as control group). Hearing thresholds were measured from all the subjects. The mean hearing threshold was calculated at different frequencies in each group and compared with the number 15 db. The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 17 and p≤0.05was considered significant. The mean and standard deviation of hearing thresholds for the right ear of dentists and the control group without considering the different frequencies were 13.6156±9.14210 db and 10.0156±5.4488 db (p=0.036), respectively and for the left ear were 12.5115±8.7609 db and 10.059±5.9254 db respectively. Hearing threshold of right and left ear of young and middle age dentists was not significant. The hearing thresholds of the dentists with work experience of 15 years or less were not significant for the right and left ear. Auditory thresholds were significant between male and female only for the left ear (p=0.02). There was a change in hearing thresholds at all frequencies. A clear difference was in the left ear of men and women and hearing loss was higher in men. Also, age and working experience were not among the contributing factors to the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss.

Periodontitis and dental caries may be synergistically associated, negatively associated, or completely independent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between these two diseases and investigate the prevalence of dental caries in periodontitis. This cross-sectional study has been performed in 180 samplesin two groups: periodontal and control group; during 2012-2013 in Babol Dental School. All 180 patients were divided into two groups, including 90 cases with chronic periodontitis as the periodontal group (PG) and 90 cases with healthy gums as the control group (probing depth between 2-3mm) (HG). Clinical measurments in cluding Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding Index (BI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Periodontal Pocket Depth (PPD) were used to assess the severity of periodontal disease. The clinical features of control group were healthy gums, probing less than 3mm in depth, and CAL<1mm. The examination to measure AL was conducted using a Williams’s periodontal probe. In chronic periodontitis group, the patients had GI≥1 and CAL≥1. The assessment of caries of patients was conducted using bitewing radiography for proximal caries detection, dent on the use of explorer and direct observation. A p-value≤0.05 is considered as significant. The results of this study showed that the mean number of decayed and filled teeth (DFT) in periodontal group was 4.32±0.17, and in healthy group was 2.16±0.17. DFT in males with periodontitis was 4.85±0.17 and in females was 4.3±0.17,while the healthy males was 2.54±0.17, and females was 2.25±0.17; therefore, the mean DFT in the periodontal group was more than the healthy group (p≤0.05). Based on our findings, in patients with periodontitis, more dental carries were more significant than the healthy group.

Radiopacity is a necessary property for luting cements. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiopacity of some luting dental cements used in prosthetic dentistry. Five disclike samples of each material (6 x 1mm) were prepared from panavia F2.0 (Pa), Chioce2 (Ch.2), Glass ionomer GC (GI GC), zinc phosphate Hoffmann’s (ZP hof), zinc polycarboxylate Hoffmann’s (ZPC hof), Glass ionomer ariadent (GI ari), zinc phosphate ariadent(ZP ari) and zinc polycarboxylate ariadent (ZPC ari). The radiopacity of each material along with aluminium step wedge were measured from radiographic images using a digital radiography. The average measured radiopacities from five areas were taken into account, which were measured by Digora for windows (DFW) software using a PSP digital sensor. There was a significant difference between radiopacity value of all luting materials (p≤0.001). ZP ari had the highest radiopacity with 7.7±0.55 mm aluminium. The Glass ionomer ariadent ari dent showed the lowest radiopacity value with 0.82±0.31 mm aluminium. All dental cements showed radiopacity values equivalent to or greater than the ISO 4049:2000(E) standard except ariadent Glass ionomer; and this could be considered suitable for use in restoration cementation.

Apical seal in blood or dry root canal is a problem in endodontic treatment. Failure of apical seal causes inflammatory reaction and failure root canal treatment. Because of the sealer properties, root canal should be dry for obturation. But hydrophilic sealers can adhere to root canal walls nowadays and this problem is still controversial. This study aimed at determining the apical microleakage of AH26 and MTA Fillapex sealers in dry and bloody condition. This experimental in vitro study was done on 48 extracted central teeth. The researchers used the Mtwo rotary files for root canal instrumentation. In this process, the teeth were divided into four groups (2 dry groups and 2 bloody groups) and two groups as positive and negative control (each group of 4 teeth). All sealers were prepared according to the factory instruction and the obturation was done with gutta-percha and sealer. After 7 days in 100% moisture condition, the teeth were placed in the ink for 3 days and then were cut across longitudinal axis and the level of microleakage was measured by stereomicroscope. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software, ANOVA, Chi-Square and t-test statistical tests. The mean of MTA Fillapex and AH26 apical microleakage in blood groups were (448.61±34.67) Mm and (429.84±31.63) Mm respectively. The minimum microleakage belonged to AH26 sealer, but it was not significant. AH26 sealer is a better barrier against microleakage in comparison with MTA Fillapx, although it is not significant. Also, the evidence suggests drying the canal leads to a better apical seal and the blood significantly increases apical microleakage.

Discoloration of the resin-based composites is a common problem in restorative dentistry. There are many factors associatedwith the discoloration of dental materials in the oral environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color changes in a nano-composite cured with a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) and light emitting diode (LED) unit. 80 disk-shaped specimens were prepared using Filtek Z350 XT. The specimenswere cured with two LED units (Valo and BluephaseC5) andQTH)Astralis7(with two different energy density (400 & 750 mW/Cm²). The color of the materials was measured before and after immersingin tea and artificial saliva.Color change value (ΔE) were calculated and analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.In artificial saliva group,the compositescured with Astralis7 and BluephaseC5 showed significantly more color stability. In tea group, the composites cured with BluephaseC5 significantly had the least color change. The type of light curing unitdoes not affectthe color stability. Exposure time and interaction between light source and photoinitiator content in composite may be the most important factors affecting color stability.

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disease characterized by multifocal benign tumors of peripheral nerves, called neurofibromas, and pigmented spots on the skin which inherited as autosomal-dominant. The most common form of the disease is neurofibromatosis type 1, also known as von Recklinghausen''s disease of the skin. When an individual has small number of lesions in a limited region of the his body, it could be missed by the patient or not acknowledged by the clinicians as a form of neurofibromatosis. We present here, a case of an 18-year-old male with neurofibromatosis type 1who referred to Babol Dental School for a routine dental examination.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) refers to a group of rare reticuloendothelial system disorders and it occurs most often in young adults and children. A 57-year-old edentulous female patient who complained of dull pain in the posterior region of the mandible referred to the dental office, with a complaint of dull pain in the posterior region of the mandible. The lesion was diagnosed as LCH. Oral manifestations could be the first signs of Langerhans'' cell histiocytosis. Therefore, the dentist must be aware of the oral symptoms so in order that the disease is not overlooked.