فصلنامه پژوهش های مدیریت در ایران
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 87، بهار 1394)

Increasing demand of tourists to visit natural attractions, historical sites, cultural and religion places provides a fertile ground for the development of tourism. Having unique capabilities, such as a plenty of natural and historical attractions, Iran is able to develop tourism. To gain more tourism, there is a need to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these capabilities. This study aimed to positioning of Iran's historical sites By important /performance analysis and perceptual Mapping approach from tourist's point of view. In terms of objective, this research is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection it can be classified as a descriptive survey. Statistical population is foreign tourists who have visited each of the three historical sites, i.e. Persepolis, Ali Qapu, and Jame Mosque of Isfahan. Based on literature overview, a questionnaire of 23 features related to historical sites is designed to evaluate the importance and satisfaction related to the site. Data analyzed using SPSS16 and the perceptual map drawn using MATLAB(R2009a). Using Exploratory Factor Analyses, features classifies in seven key factors. Utilizing Importance –Satisfaction Analysis, the perceptual map of the three sites was drawn. The results show that the position of these sites is almost alike. Both hygienic and information factors are main weaknesses of the three sites, while the attractiveness of the sites and accessibility factor are the strengths of the sites. Also, all the three sites have weaknesses in eating and resting, and music factors.

Customer value refers to the potential interaction of customer and enterprise in the certain periods of time. As companies recognize customer value it can provide customized services for different customers, they can achieve to an effective customer relationship management. This research focuses on Banking Industry and integrates data mining techniques and management issues in order to systematically analyze the customer values. First it applies Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Processing (FAHP) in order to weighting variables and then imports DFMT model to the k-means technique, for clustering customers according to the specific criteria. Using proposed scoring model establishes the customer value pyramid and categorizes customers in four spectrums. The customer value pyramid helps to separately determining of each customer value to giving appropriate services to them in proportion with the class value. The statistical population was 285 customers of Tejarat bank branches of Zanjan city in Iran. In the resulted customer pyramid, the first spectrum is the Platinum customer which is composed of two rows of the pyramid called H1 and H2. These two rows in pyramid have the highest value and have the most profitability for the bank. Second spectrum, is called golden customers which has three rows in pyramid called H3, H4, H5. Third spectrums are Silver customers which are laid in H6, H7, H8 rows of spectrum. Forth spectrum, are leaden customers that are H9 and H10 rows of customer pyramid. This spectrum receives and wastes resources of the bank and bank should respect and bear high risks.

In the present article the aim is provide a model of market orientation in the banking industry services. In this regard, studies in the field of market orientation and its antecedents, outcomes and related variables been investigated and presented from various articles have been extracted. In this study, in addition of organizational level of market orientation, individual level has been also studied and identify its antecedents. Researchers have extensively studied the antecedents and consequences of market orientation and its related factors in the organization, next Delphi method used to identify the internal and external antecedents that articles and studies in the past have not been tested and evaluated them. 24 people from academia, researchers and experts in the banking industry in this study had a total collaboration. Overall, the Delphi method, after four-step has led to the consensus of the participants. The study results provide a qualitative model includes antecedents of market orientation and environmental factors affecting the relationship between market orientation and performance.

The six-dimensional strategic thinking, that is king-key of constantly increasing victory in the ‎competition, how is influenced by biographical characteristics (education, age, years of service ‎and number of family members)? The purpose of this research is to explain the answer. This ‎study is descriptive-explanatory based on objective, survey and applied, method and result. ‎The target community of the survey is 384 municipal employees of Qazvin city. Data ‎collection tools included researcher-made questionnaire and its reliability and validity has ‎proven. Data has been analyzed through SPSS software, using variance and Student t test. The ‎geometry of people thinking has been commpared based on Spider Web Model that measures ‎the balance between dimentions of thinking, was conducted. Results showed that there is ‎significant relationship between biographical characteristics and Strategic thinking Model of ‎people. With changing any of above features, a significant change occurs in the model of ‎strategic thinking. Therefore, organizations can be described as a set of thinking models that ‎are constantly changing. The managers and leaders of organizations recommended that the‏ ‏quantity‏ ‏and‏ ‏quality‏ ‏of the process‏ ‏through‏ ‏regulatory‏ ‏mechanisms‏, ‏and‏ ‏conduct‏ ‏regular‏ ‏monitoring‏, ‏to realize their‏ ‏strategic‏ ‏goals of‏ ‏their organizations‏ ‏provide‏.‏

All of the financial institutions for gaining the best profit of their investment are always looking for the best investors, consulters, and borrowers. Besides, different sciences attempt to represent accurate methods for the separation of the customers. For that reason, sciences such as psychology, management sciences, mathematics, financial and etc…seek to achieve this aim. The subject that comes into consideration in this paper is the necessity of using the new methods in data mining in mixture with artificial intelligence techniques in order to deal with the sophisticated issue and answer to this question that do the usage of combined approach predict the customer rating well? If we want this process occurs, another dimension must not be forgotten that is the select measurement criteria and in this regard, the researcher has used judging journalist and non-parametric analysis in order to rank criteria thatfinally, select the number of indicatorsin order to implement the hybrid model will lead the researcher to answer this question: do the journalist’s ideas selection criteria result in a good prediction of the credit status of customers? The three indicators “age”, “previous relationship with the bank”, and “credit”to implement a fuzzy neural hybrid model are chosen. The model has been implemented in three layers and results suggest that 89.67% times the system can accurately estimate the proportion of customers provide ratings.To optimize the fuzzy neural network, the ant colony algorithm was used which results in improved performance of the model was 90.5%.

To encounter with Knowledge Management, the organizations should select appropriate knowledge strategy and knowledge management strategy. There are different methods for developing these strategies. In this study a System Dynamics model developed to select and integrate both strategies. In the proposed model organizational factors such as business strategy, structure, culture, human resource and IT infrastructure have been considered. On the other hand, from the dynamic approach perspective, the knowledge creation processes and the level of explicit or tacit knowledge have direct impact on selected strategies. In this paper all the stock variable and their initial value have been identified then the flow variable and theier increasing/decreasing rate have been determined and casual loops and stock and flow diagrams was proposed. At last after simulating and testing the dynamic model, different scenarios and policies have been presented for the case study. The results indicate improvement in both KM strategy and knowledge strategy.

In recent decades, global cities have become important in national, regional and international environments of themselves, because they have great effects on space of flows and have been affected by them. In this regards some scientific and international institutes have ranked the global/world cities and have proposed some comparative tables for them.Local and urban governance, also, are items that play significant roles in contrast with central governments, especially in local management. Urban good governance gives privilege to poor, women progress, civic participation, and interaction with public and private organizations in different social areas and effective management in cities. So, this is one of the especial arguments in city management and is investigated, discussed and developed by various institutes.The importance of these two subjects, have been an incentive to use librarian method with utilizing some reliable city, national and international resources to develop a detailed table for urban good governance of 194 global cities. So relations between urban good governance and city urban situation in some aspects could be assessed. This study indicates that urban good governance in different categories of global cities (especially among the highest category and others) has significant meaningful difference.

In recent years, due to the reverse logistics and particularly integration with direct Logistics is considered important in reducing supply chain costs. In this paper, a closed supply chain with multi-objective, multi-product and multi-period is designed. The objective functions consists of minimizing transportation costs between centers and processing cost within centers and centers construction and also the minimization of carbon dioxide is published within centers and carbon dioxide is published of transportation between centers. For this purpose, a mixed integer programming model is used and the problem is NP Hard. This model is superior to previous models,Considering multi-product and multi-period in relevant two objectives and also the relevant model constraints Production carbon dioxide between centers and within centers consideration. In order to integrate the supply chain's two goals the same phase and by multi-objective planning became an object. In order to validate the model and the influence of objective functions Weights several problem is designed and is solved with CPLEX 12.3 and in the end, the results are analyzed.

Many companies are dependent on purchasing the required professional services (such as managerial, marketing, accounting, legal, and IT services) from specialist contractors. The contract between such contractors and clients forms an agency relationship, so the agency theory may be used to regulate the relationship between them. However, since the abstract knowledge is the subject of exchange between the client and professional service provider and there is a knowledge asymmetry between these two parties, the application of agency theory as it is used for traditional owner-manager agency relationship is not possible for principal-professional agent relations. In this article, we expand the agency theory to be applicable in such agency relationships. We suggest that a combination of behavior-based and outcome-based contracts be employed in principal-professional agent relationships, if possible. Moreover, we discuss why it is very hard or even impossible to have a direct control over professional service contractor and to measure the outcomes of its services. We finally propose two alternative mechanisms (1-trust and self-control, and 2-indirect control) for reducing opportunistic behaviors and solving some agency problems occurring in principal-professional agent relations.