فصلنامه پژوهش های مدیریت در ایران
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 98، زمستان 1396)

After three decades researching on Intellectual capital, rules and optimal management, a need for awareness of new approaches in eliminating failures in implementing knowledge-based economy programs in organizations are highly felt. Also a complete perspective of current and future status of managers’ competition has been created as well as a quick decision leading to development of organization. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic thinking on intellectual capital with moderating role of intuitive decision making style in Ilam universities. Population of the study was all managers, principals, and department managers that 132 subjects selected as sample of study. Applied research method is correlative and for collecting data 3 standard questionnaires of strategic thinking, intellectual capital, and intuitive decision making were distributed which their validity and reliability was measured using AVE indicator and Cronbach alpha coefficient and reliability coefficient of CR respectively. data analyzed using SPSS software and visual-pls. obtained results from examining the relations from research final model indicated that strategic thinking has an impact on expert's intellectual capital [β= 0.594], and intuitive decision-making style has a moderator role in relation between strategic thinking and intellectual capital [β=0.387]. results also shown that different aspects of strategic thinking: imagining future and focus on it, decision based on the assumption of mental models and ability to create an organizational infrastructure have effect on intellectual capital while taking advantage from opportunities using intelligence system and understanding the situation based on learning and cognitive concepts does not have an effect on intellectual capital.

Management and economic systems have progressed towards a knowledge economy, where the economic problems tied to fields of science and technology. In science and technology, there are four high level documents, "The Supreme Leader general policies of the science and technology system of ", "The document on the strategic transformation of science and technology", "Science and Technology system in the sixth development plan" and "Science and technology system in the country's comprehensive scientific map.” There are similarities and deferences in these documents. In this research, first, the issues of the science and technology system are identified based on these four high level documents and then the methodology of the Viable System Model used for providing a large structure and the division of national labor to realize these strategies. Methodology is based on functional division of the system into five subsystems with different decision levels for institutional mapping of affairs. The VSM methodology has strong theoretical foundations and new applications worldwide. In this research, the level of institutions involved in Iran's science and technology system has been identified and it has been determined that any level of these issues should be achieved by any of these institutions. In other words, the strategic issues of the country’s science and technology system have characterized the national institutional mapping.

In recent years, organizations have shown special attention toward green IT seeking to benefit from new information technologies with the lowest cost, highest efficiency and lowest environmental destructive effects. Calculating green IT maturity of organizations is one of the methods that can help organizations’ stability in green IT planning. Employing such an assessment along with knowing the green IT maturity level can provide chance of comparing an organization with other organizations, similar industries and Global standards. It can be considered as a criterion for investment actions in order to upgrade their status in this working area. In previous studies, various criteria were mentioned for evaluating green IT that a number of criteria are qualitative and fuzzy in nature and confidently measuring and evaluating them has certain difficulties. Therefore in this research a fuzzy expert system is designed intending to calculate the green IT maturity level of organizations. The main criteria of system include Data Centers, Office Environment, Work Practice, Procurement and Corporate Citizenship. The designed system has been tested for its accuracy and the obtained results and have proven its performance’s validity and reliability. Furthermore, this system has been employed for calculating the green IT maturity level in an Iranian organization.

Today, maintaining and enhancing organizational commitment has become one of the most important challenges for most organizations. Therefore, this study seeks to identify factors affecting organizational commitment with an emphasis on organizational justice and role of organizational sound and silence. Population of this research is employees of commercial banks in Tehran, Qom and Shiraz cities. Data was collected using clustering sampling method and questionnaire were used. Questionnaires were distributed among employees and 210 were returned. Reliability and validity was verified using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and average variance extracted. Structural equation modeling method applies for testing conceptual model. Results show that all paths of organizational justice and organizational commitment was significant and confirmed the relationships between them. We can conclude that investment in organizational justice with organizational silence and sound can help to improve employees commitment.

One of contributing dimentions to toxicity in organization is followers whom conform toxic leaders based on a behavioral model. This paper is devoted to exploring the mentioned model in context of Kerman public organizations using causal mapping approach. In this regard, after studying literature and identifying 15 effective factors on conforming toxic followership, a half-closed questionnaire was developed based on Likert scale and distributed among 31 experts using concept and snowball sampling. In order to visualize data, average fuzzy analysis was used, so result caused to omission of 2 factors. Then, a matrix-structure questionnaire was designed so that data be collected based on causality among factors. After gaining confidence about lack of a significant relationship between expertise indexes and complexity and domain indexes of cognitive maps and also examining similarities of experts cognitive maps, which showed that personal features and experts membership in various organizations couldn’t create a significant difference between experts maps, the experts consentaneous map based on relatively strong relations among factors was extracted. The result led to a model that based on it the effective process factors included conformers dependence, conformers’ repression fear, conformers’ being turkey, overturn-ability of toxic, lag of conformers, and conformers’ being forworn.

This paper seeks to model exogenous variables affecting Non-Metallic Mineral Industry business environment conducted using the Auto Regression Distributed Lags (ARDL) and System Dynamics method. For this purpose, considering variables affecting the mentoioned industry and business, required data collected for a 7 year period. Which used for ARDL method. ARDL estimated equations used in for system dynamic modeling and the behavior of these variables simulated for the horizon of year 1400. Results showed that behavior of the endogenous variables are highly influenced by environmental variables while causing immediate and short term effects. Hence result of impact of policies and important economic variables on business environment and industrial enterprises should not be merely based on the analysis of short time period but it should reviewed during long time period breaks.

This study is designed to evaluate impact of using business intelligence and flexible IT infrastructure on competitive advantage, from the perspective of organizational agility. For this purpose hospital IT department staff related to one of the universities of medical sciences in Iranwere selected and evaluated. This paper is in terms of methodologies, descriptive and inferential. In this study, we used two criteria to evaluate the reliability of data gathering instrument, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability which their value is 0.81, 0.91respectively. Validity was confirmed bytwo methods of t-value as well as convergent validity by AVE. Hypotheses tested using structural equation modeling.Research findings show that there are meaningful effects of business intelligence on organizational agility, flexible IT infrastructure on organizational agility, organizational agility on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction on competitive advantage, organizational agility on competitive.Also it shows that improving predictive variable would result in variable criteria in the study improvement. So the first six research hypotheses, is confirmed. But the main hypothesis referring the impact of business intelligence on competitive advantage were not confirmed. Also according to the results, functional and applicable suggestions are provided.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is considered as one of the effective solutions for improving competitiveness and sustainable development. Managers need to be aware of the TQM level in their organizations. In the growing economy of Iran, TQM is one of the strongest tools and best solutions for solving problems faced by organizations in this competitive environment. The main aim of this research is to evaluate and TQM based gap analysis at Fajr Jam Gas Refinery. To this end, at first data were collected from 6 managers and experts of Fajr Jam Gas Refinery, and importance of TQM criteria, using new and efficient technique of BWM, was calculated. Then, using FAHP technique, the relative situation of each of the TQM criteria with respect to other criteria at Fajr Jam Gas refinery was measured. Finally, the gap between the ideal and current situation of each TQM criteria respect to each other at the Fajr Jam Gas Refinery using IPMA technique was analyzed, and some strategies to reduce or eliminate existing gaps were presented.

The purpose of this study is primarily to provide a performance-based budgeting model (PBB) in the Institute for Management and Planning Studies (IMPS). So the one hand allocating budgets to programs is based on programs’ importance and on the other hand, allocating budgets to groups is based on per capita students that were assigned by Ministry of Sciences, Researches and Technology. Considering various criteria in this institute, the PPB Goal programming model is designed. An important point in designing the PBB model is the use of efficiency coefficient calculated based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to determine important coefficient of each educational group for budget allocation. In addition, importance coefficient of each program and the goals of the problem are determined based on paired comparison by experts. Given the uncertainty in the parameters of the PBB model, using robust and fuzzy logic, some adopted scenarios from nominal model are designed including robust, fuzzy, and fuzzy-robust models. Finally, the obtained solutions from these models are compared and the strengths and weaknesses of each of them are examined. In addition, in order to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed models, Monte Carlo simulation is used. The modeling results and simulations provide useful information to decision makers for making a reasonable decision by balancing the decision risk levels (possibility of violating constraints) and conservation level.

The main goal of this study is to investigate effect of price framing, outcome comparison and information on customer’ fairness perceptions in dynamic pricing. We have used a 2 (framing: discount/ surcharge) by 2 (Comparison outcome: better/ worse price) by 2 (Information availability: absent/ present) factorial, between-subject design with scenario method for testing research hypotheses. Questionnnaires were randomly distributed among general and potential customers which consist of 35 survey for each scenario who were attended in online social networks. Results show that framing prices as a discount rather than a surcharge, significantly improved customers’ price fairness perceptions. The results also showed that the effects of information and comparison outcome on customers’ perceived price fairness is not significant in dynamic pricing. In addition, findings suggest that customer satisfaction affected by perceived price fairness. Hwever, effect of customer satisfaction on his/her behavioral tendencies (repurchase intention and positive word of mouth) is supported by findings.