فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 85، پاییز 1393)

One of the problems that geomorphologists، hydrologists and the other natural scienses that are related are faced، is estimate rate of sediment in water systems، which It can increase amount of damage to hydraulic structures such as dams import. The purpose of this study compared the two models، Corine and SLEMSA in Tang - Sorkh basin of Shiraz. that is، study effective The rate of erosion and effective factors in this area. In this research، to compare and evaluate the two models studied at first، maps and values of main parameters of SLEMSA model includes topographical data (topographic map and slope map)، Eroding (mteorical data) and Erosion of Soil (geological map) and Vegetation (land use map) were gathered and the rate of erosion، erosion center and the most important factor in this model using ARC MAP software (raster calculator function) and then after calculating main parameters of corine model such as slope، erodibility (depth & texture of soil and stoniness)، erosivity (Fournier & aridity index) and vegetation map of study area was classified. Comparing two models shows that corine model offers more details and is more accurate and the slope factor is the most important factor in increasing the rate of erosion in the watershed.

Ranking rural settlements based on the degree vulnerability to natural hazards is a crucial issue in risk management and reduces their vulnerability. The purpose of the research Recognition and design process of multi-criteria decision analysis model (KOPRAS) in rural settlements based on the degree of physical vulnerability to natural hazards (earthquakes)، To achieve it through a literature review، collection components and indicators of physical vulnerability of Chalan Cholan one of rural district affected to natural hazards (earthquakes) have been performed. Research methodology descriptive and analytic; Based on 13 indicators of physical vulnerability، Information about the vulnerability of these villages in 2006 earthquakes were collected، and In the process of doing the normalization and weighting factors were used in the model، and based on Villages studied were ranking. Finding and The results of this study indicate as for diverse and fragmented nature of physical vulnerability indicators، these models can be having capability high-ranking settlements vulnerability against earthquakes. And accordingly an effective step towards a successful program to reduce the adverse effects of natural hazards and reduce the vulnerability of settlements to be prone to the risks، So that the results of the (KOPRAS) Model show that the villages zargaran olea، Karkhane sefid kon and pahlavan kol most vulnerable and villages Heshmat abad، Behzad abad and Beatan have been least vulnerability in Lorestan earthquake of 2006 selakhor plain.

Transportation is the major pivot upon which the city systems subsist، therefore the level of interconnectivity of different segments of the city is a measure of performance of different components of the city and the efficiency of the entire city systems. Therefore، permeability or accessibility in an urban system can be estimated at the neighborhood or from the perspective of the entire city systems to evaluate the efficiency of the cities or neighborhoods. Regarding to topic of research، area of study and complicated existence of city as a spatial and social system، use of different methods and techniques with title of Compound Method is essential. In this study، indicators were extracted by Delphi technique and the studying of records. After weighting of parameters by FUSSY-AHP، the selected indicators were converted to distances maps in GIS-SPATIAL ANALYSIS EXTENTION software. Finally the final map of permeability area in Karaj mega city Were prepared. The findings of this research show that the accessibility to the communication network has highest points in the city associated hazards and after that the per capita net impact factor got the highest weight value. For there more our finding show the model urban connectivity of Karaj has significant relations with the physical growth pattern. Also the map analysis shown the most connectivity and unconnectivity regions by the measured coefficients of eight selected indicators.

One of the most important pollutants that its surveillance in the atmosphere by remote sensing is possible is the suspended particles density using the MODIS sensor images. In the analyzing related to pollution study، the studies of distribution and relation between variables have an important role that the regression analyzing applications in these studies is inevitable. The main goals of this paper is preparing the particulate matter less than 10 micron distribution in Khuzestan province in both hourly/daily periods using the linear regression models the AOD product، the MODIS sensor also the ground stations data of the atmosphere pollution measurement and lateral insight of Ahvaz city in 2009 in order to estimating the pm10 were used. The results showed MODIS data have high accuracy to estimate the atmosphere pollutions and results indicates that the hourly period with R square 90% against daily period with R square 76% have a higher coefficient. After the model estimating correction by interpolating the produced plots by using the resultant relation in both time periods the suspended particles distribution maps were prepared.

Disaster reduction and sustainable development require understanding and explaining the true nature and extent of the communities and places of natural hazards (earthquakes) is. Therefore، assessment of social vulnerability to earthquakes in cities of various sizes can play a role in risk assessment and management of these natural phenomena can play. The study of character development - practical، descriptive - analytical، objective assessment and prioritization of social vulnerability in the face of natural hazards (earthquakes)، and using TOPSIS quantitative models and GIS، Excel and SPSS software to the issue is discussed. Also، in order to reduce the error rate to determine a more accurate forecast of 50 sub-indices of social variables - economic، physical-the physical and Yazd populations were analyzed. The results show the vulnerability of the region average 0/412، the second with a rate region TOPSIS the، 0/642 percent of the most vulnerable regions، Region 3 with the TOPSIS، 0/411 percent، and the region 1of moderate vulnerability with the TOPSIS، 0/183 percent of lowest social vulnerability to earthquakes in the area has Yazd city.

The issue of the present research is inefficiency of traditional management methods of urban physical development and lack of futurology approach in Bokan spatial – physical planning. Nowadays، a new approach in urban management and planning is scenario planning. It was introduced for a better understanding of urban dynamics and to support the urban planning. In this regard، the scenario approach is adopted to investigate the Bokan spatial – physical development. The methodology used in this research is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The main variables were collected by questionnaires in Delphi method، then the data were analyzed by Micmac tool and the scenarios were prepared in Schwartz technique. Afterwards، the final maps were illustrated by ArcGIS. The results of the study showed that the growth rate of spatial-physical development of Bokan city was %8. 36 during 1966-2006. It also had linear growth along the main road of the city. Also the results showed that driving forces of spatial development in three levels (international or national، regional، local) are (1) Political strife and war in the region، (2) Drought and natural hazards، (3) Political subdivisions، and (4) Investment in a county level. Finally، Bokan city will face three spatial-physical development scenarios in the coming 20 years. The first scenario: compact growth within current boundaries of the city، the second scenario: linear development along the main road with low density، and the third scenario: sprawl and unplanned growth in all directions.

Mass movement occurrence in its various forms in mountainous areas causes a lot of human and financial losses yearly. Thus، it is necessary to identify and prioritize vulnerable places and prepare a specific regional plan to decrease occurrence and losses due to landslide in prone areas. Syahkooh anticline is one of the region which، signs of numerous landslide can be seen through all it. In this research، after identification of effective factors using Entropy model، these factors were investigated، an Entropy matrix produced and zoning map of landslide prepared and finally to reduce its damages some solutions have been suggested. The results show that distance of fault 46. 06%، elevation 28. 26%، slope 17. 54%، lithology 7. 14% and aspect 1% had been affected. Zoning map shows low risk areas only include 21. 76% of the region and 78. 23% of the region lied on the side of high and moderate risk zones، which states the high potential area of landslide occurrence in the area. The proposed solutions are construction away from faults and steep Asmari formation، increase in the level of protection of roads، control of Drilling and excavation in Asmari formation. These are the most important measures to reduce losses mass movement in the Syahkooh anticline.