فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 95، بهار 1396)

Urban viability is one of the basic principles of sustainable urban development. Viability approach is a result of the elevated awareness regarding unsustainable patterns of urban life which can lead to long-term reduction of environmental resources. This research identifies and analyses the dimensions and main parameters that affect the viability of Tehran Metropolis through interpretive-structural modeling. This study is practical regarding to its purpose and in terms of data collection is survey descriptive. Moreover, its data collection is from the questionnaire. First, the dimensions and viability indicators are distinguished based on the review of the literature, content and comparative analysis of related researches, and interviews with experts. Then using the methodology of modern analytical-interpretive structural modeling (ISM), the relationship between the viability dimensions and indicators are determined and analyzed. Finally, the type of variables according to their influence and reception on other variables was identified by means of MICMAC analysis. Results show that economic dimension, including employment indicators, stable income, affordable housing, distribution of facilities, and infrastructure services, with the leverage score of 9 has the greatest impact and should be considered as the viability stimulants in Tehran. All in all, any program and implementation to commence and improve viability of Tehran Metropolis should pay attention to the key and basic role of these factors. These variables have high leverage and low dependence on increasing the viability of Tehran. Moreover, they are the priorities for action plan of viability in Tehran Metropolis.

The development of second homes means a favorable development of both tourism and second homes along with improved service quality in all dimensions of life in the touristic destinations and also the satisfaction of tourists and locals from the tourism process. Any planning attempt for the development of second homes requires the principles to be identified in order to guide and lead the second home development planning process. Recognizing the effective principles should be based on scientific studies and the experience gained in this area so as to reduce the negative impacts on one hand and on the other hand, to maximize the positive effects of second homes. This study attempts to provide proper requirements in the development of second homes using a heuristic method in identifying the principles required for such a development. The results show that preserving natural landscapes, paying attention to the natural and social bearing capacity, protecting farmlands, respecting collective interests and participation of beneficiaries and managers in formulating the second homes development plan are the most important principles and criteria for the development planning.

In recent years, attention to the land spatial planning approach in country with a holistic approach in the framework of spatial development has caused the creation of coordinator institutions and their duties determination in the ultra-provincial level to be considered in the post-fourth development program to coordinate the inter-provincial developmental and civil affairs in the spatial planning perspective. This directive specifies the duty and position of spatial planning studies in the country provinces of macro-regions and regional proceedings will be achieved after carrying out the spatial planning studies and paying attention to their operational approach. According to the spatial planning zooning approved by the Council of Ministers in 2010, Qom province is located in the South Alborz Region and in the vicinity of Tehran, Alborz, Qazvin, Zanjan, Markazi and Semnan. Due to its geographical location in the vicinity of Tehran province as one of the most populated provinces of country in one hand and being located in the north of Isfahan province on the other hand, Qom province can be a suitable goal to make the inter-provincial coordination of Macro-Regional South Alborz, i.e. a place for attracting the tended investments to these regions, especially Tehran. To obtain this purpose, the effective factors in the spatial planning executive approach of Qom province were studied as a case study to answer the researcher questions. In this study, the research data has been collected by using an analytical-descriptive method and a documentary method and Delphi technique. Data analysis has been carried out by cross-impact matrix and Mic Mac software and effective factors in the spatial planning executive approach of Qom province have been identified. The most important factors include: Qom political-religious centrality, proximity to the capital and the existence of desert areas. And very effective factors which have a high capacity to become the key factors including the factors such as the role of inter-provincial interactions, the existence of a special economical region of Salafchegan and the province position in the country east-west corridor have been identified and according to their effectiveness, suitable solutions have been proposed to executive approach.

House is among the most important concerns with which human beings has continuously been involved and appropriate solutions for its relevant problems has sought for. In addition to being a physical structure to be used by a family, a house includes all the public services and facilities required for promoting human life style, so residents must have sure long term tenure of it. Regardless of its physical size and the natural and climate rules, housing is affected by cultural factors, social beliefs, and spiritual requirements in human life that enrich one’s life. In this regard, we examined housing situation from the standpoint of villagers. The main goal in this paper is to investigate the level of attention to sustainable housing pattern components, such as continuity, efficiency, compatibility, dynamism, intuitive utility, stability, and integrity. We used an analytic-descriptive approach, but the quantitative, i.e. statistical, approach was also used in analyzing data. In the present study, the data were gathered by questionnaires the in three categories of rural population of Mazandaran Province, namely coastal, foothills and mountainous populations. Sample size was determined by Cochran’s formula as 465. Results show that the average level of attention to sustainability of housing in coastal villages is the best, by an average sustainability level of 1.71, compared to mountainous villages with average sustainability level of 1.55 and foothill villages with average sustainability level of 1.53. Total average sustainability level in these villages is 1.54, which indicates a low level of sustainability of housing in Mazandaran Province.

Execution of development and creation of appropriate points for urban development without considering ecological capability will result in the appearance of several environmental, economic and social problems. This research is done in an analysis approach frame of a system with the aim of determine appropriate locations for urban development, has been done according to the indicators of ecological capability evaluation model of Iran urban development in the border town of Arak. For this purpose, it has been used multi-criteria decision-making methods of AHP and FUZZYAHP Buckley in order to determine the weighting of criteria and fuzzy membership functions for standardization. The results showed that from the total region area by using FAHP, 63 percent of the lands with capable of first degree and 12 percent of lands are unsuitable for urban development, and by method of AHP, 65 percent has the capacity first class and 21 percent are unsuitable for urban development land use. Results of control the urban development classes in this study while confirmation of decision-making model AHP in the Study area, determined that the best method for assessment, is multi-criteria decision-making method FAHP, that is modelling the act of ecological capability evaluation of land use more carefully and is having more accordance with the reality of the ground truth.

Rural tourism is considered as a process in rural development that facilitates the development by providing complementary agricultural activities and increasing income. Such a process can boost employment, improve the quality of life and result in a balanced and appropriate distribution of services and facilities. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate and to analyze rural tourism development strategies for Doroodzan District of Marvdasht County. To this end, a descriptive-analytical research method with an applied-developmental approach was used. Data were gathered via field work and a predesigned questionnaire. Initially, rural tourism development strategies were identified using SWOT analysis model. Then, a Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to rank the strategies. The results show that the best strategies for the development of rural tourism in the area are aggressive strategy and defensive strategy, with scores of 0.2772 and 0.2598, respectively. Furthermore, based on the ANN, it was revealed that official efforts to develop plans to expand rural tourism and to create jobs is ranked as the first priority.

Understanding the challenges (barriers and limitations) of any capital flow in human settlements can lead to a more efficient use of that capital flow or improve its performance. Migrants’ remittances are known as one of the spatial investment flows in the settlements of Lamerd County. As one of such physical-spatial areas, Lamerd county settlements enjoy this capital flow. In this area and based on the previous researches of the authors of this paper, on one hand, the functions of this investment flow are negligible in economic sectors and economic activities and on the other hand, this investment flow does not follow spatial order and spatial planning approaches in the planning system. Therefore, using qualitative research method and based on grounded theory, this article seeks to understand the challenges of migrant's remittances from the standpoint of the interest community based on target sampling and the opinions of experts of organizations from the public and the private sectors as well as those of local elites and trustees. The results obtained from a three-step scientific coding in the grounded theory led to the extraction of 46 concepts, 17 broad categories, and finally 2 nuclear issues including “motivational obstacles and limitations of economic investment” and “structural-legal barriers and limitations of economic investment”. Having examined the causal conditions, the phenomenon, context, intervening conditions, strategies and outcomes of each of these nuclear categories, the phenomenon of “structural-motivated barriers” were defined as the focal challenge confronting migrants’ remittances in the economic development with planning approach in this physical-spatial field.

In areas where there is social deprivation, usually transportation policies play an important role. Some researchers have access to the transportation system is considered one of the most important factors in reducing rural isolation. Thus, access to rural transport system is one of the important factors that could have a significant impact on the economic development of rural areas. Therefore, the present study is to show the economic impact of access to rural transport system can have on rural areas. In the present study, 15 of rural managers and 367 of rural people selected from northern Taghankoh Rural District. After fill out the questionnaire, through SPSS and Arc-GIS software was used for analyze the data. Indicators of research include economic empowerment, economic mobility, increase income and diversify sources of income, diversification of business operations, increase the value of the land, reducing production costs and cost savings and increase investment in urban origin. The results of the study show that indicator reducing production costs and cost savings the greatest influence and increase investment in urban origin And increase investment in urban origin have been less sensitive to the rural transportation system. Sman village road transport system as well as the influence of the highest rank and Ahmadiyya village is located in the lowest rank.

Nowadays, public transportation system is known as one of the most important elements of urban development. With regard to the development of public transit services, particularly the expansion of Tehran Metro system, necessity of walkability which plays an important role is clearly and noticeable. Although Tehran’s public transportation is an urgent need, this issue has not been regarded as an important need.
TOD is a novelty and different approach of traditional theory, with considering four main principles. Accordingly in this study firstly pedestrian needs and ATRs are recognized with the use of library and archives of contexts oriented descriptive and analytical research. Secondly these needs were assessed by Quality function development and also the results of these methods prioritized by Analytic Network Process. Then these (CNs) and (ATRs) around the Tajrish station are assessed by QFD and ANP methods. As a main result the Tajrish station with the implementation rate of two-third of these criteria can be used as one of the most convenient and acceptable station for pedestrians in Tehran.

The occurrenceof extreme climate events, including tropical storms, annually leaves irreparable damage in areas under their control. Understanding these events and the knowledge of the time of their occurrence can be useful in the management of emergencies caused by them. The aim of this research is spatiotemporal reconstruction of tropical storms affecting the southeast coasts of Iran. The data used in this study include reanalysis data the National Center for Environmental Prediction )NCEP) with spatial resolution of 2° to 2° from 1871 to 2012 and the ECMWF dataset with spatial resolution 1°. In terms of temporal frequency, the results show that in total 30 tropical storms affected southern coast of Iran, directly or indirectly, during 1871-2015. The highest monthly frequencies belong to June with 21 events and July with 7 occurrences. In terms of spatial frequency, the genesis and ultimate develop of all the detected storms was the Arabian Sea and the latitudes of approximately 15° N. Most occurrences of storm, which was in June, followed the Southeast-Northwest track.