نشریه پژوهش های ادبی و بلاغی
پیاپی 4 (پاییز 1392)

«Pain and suffering» is and has always been a fundamental concept for human beings during the history. Poets and writers as the representatives of art and culture of each era were aware of this important issue and apply it in their literary works and it can be said that one reason for a literary work to be long lasted and the secret of its existence is the meticulous and profound attention of its creator to «pain and suffering» of human beings and the method of its artistic expression. Fighting against injustice، tyranny، and oppression is not confined to a particular nation or race in her poem. She praises justice، peace، and equity. Besides more familiarity with the poetic concepts in Saffarzadeh''s poems، the present research done by content analysis method، investigates the issue of pain and suffering in her poems in four domains of nature، ontology، teleology، and deontology. Considering that Saffarzadeh is a social and Mission orbit poet، the results show that her combative mentality against oppression inspires her to react against the pains of human beings and feel sympathy for all those who are suffering from these pains. Therefore the pain and suffering mentioned in her poems can be socially investigated.

The purpose of this paper to study art images made with «children and childhood» in Hdyqh Alhqyqh، Masnavi is a spiritual garden. And childhood، the path that will be passed to the great year. In each of these poets، poetry، children and childhood is a symbolic mode And each of them to express their moral and mystical about children and childhood have focused Hdyqh Alhqyqh in the time period before the journey has been a symbol of the age of man worldly attachments are still trapped. The Mathnawi of Maulana children and childhood conduct pre-symbolic، leishmaniasis، and Piran has In the garden، the child symbolizes the ignorance of man، individuals must pass the knowledge to come up to the stage. Birth، fetal، go to school، wisdom، tears، joy، feeding، playing، walking and being weaned child Scapegoat issues that are artistic illustrations

Manteqotteir is Attar’s unique masterpiece for declaring mystic journey and conduct. The work reports a collective spiritual journey to find the truth and to experience the perfection. The modern people who suffer from spiritual poverty and materiality overcome، can participate in the journey to find meaning and truth. The birds are the symbols of wayfarers that intend to travel but they face some problems during the journey. Attar replies their excuses and pretexts with Hod Hod language and suggests proper solutions to overcome the problems. He goes along with them to trace the seven vadee to get to presence of the Hod Hod for finding out their truth.. This essay analyses the barriers and problems of the spiritual journey and shows practical and applied solution to overcome those obstacles. To move collectively through responsible participation of all members and with the help of spiritual guide، the human beings engage in self-purification and prepare themselves to meet the friend and his union.

The analysis of black color in the Nima''s poetry and Mahmoud DarwishColoColor is a deep link with literature، especially with the literature of resistance. The colors represent different emotions and symbols، through which we can find out a lot of secrets and codes، and we can find the political and social situation of the contemporary poet. in the Nymayvshyj in the Persian Literature and Mahmoud Darwish in the Arabic Literature have used the colors in the poems themselves. In this paper، we examine the extent of black color. Both poets alike have used this color، indicating that they are not optimistic about the political and social issues. Black is the most color in the poetry of Nima. Black means oppression and injustice in the Nima''s poetry. Black is also used on Mahmoud Darwish، which is showing the displacement and oppression.

Aothurs in the end fifth century gradually emerged a transformation in prose Farsi. They attentioned to verbal form very much. With use of prose rhythm، paromoiosis، croosed rhyme and Other rhetorical figures increased the Music of Prose. The authors attempted to Convey to Literary and artistic perfection. They used from synonyms in descriptions، sentences prolong and created the technical prose that it can be called poetic prose. in Persian literature Maqameh is arosed To imitate the Arabic Maqamehs. The research question whether Hamidi''s maqames is the pure imitation of the Arabic''s maqamehs? What differences exist between Arabic''s maqamehs and Hamidi''s maqames? In this paper we try to examine stylistic features of Hamidi maqamehs and the history and we do more research and more precisely on the emergence of writing maqameh in Persian Literature.

Child labour phenomenon reflection in Hoshang Moradi Kermani letters have large span. Since Moradi Kermani himself had to work in childhood for living، is familiar with damages and destructive influences of work on child’s body and spirit. With the help of a simple narration، he narrates sorrows، challenges and life difficulties of many children which are his main characters. In his works، there are special considerations to “child labour”. He tells child’s vulnerability in work and predisposing factors of child work and negative influences of this social and economic ominous phenomenon in his stories. The writer has high success in imaging Injustice، deprivation، deficiencies of life for Helpless little victims in his story’s characters. Main question in this article is Pathological searching for child labour in Moradi Kermani‘s letters.

Hakim Nasser Khosrow Qbadyany،s Logbook In The City Travels In the year 1035 A. C Nasser Khosrow''s dream of seeing Jose Janan He traveled continually to resolve the Hejaz trip lasted seven years. Book Travelogues، Outcomes Some information as to his architectural and urban communities Persian authentic texts has. His science architecture was meant to read today about the journey of Some towns and urban fortifications and defensive systems of blood money، what they watch And heard، true or false، fact or fiction، and all the good or bad Record and talked about issues that were important at the timeThis article is a descriptive and analytical methods and data collection Through a library of documents and includes the following topics: types Blood of the fortifications and cities، the type of materials used in fortifications Details of its architecture، the impact of technical systems (or tactical) Attacks and Defense Architecture and Urbanism…

Verbal Irony is one of the types of irony. Following study firstly aims to explain this rhetorical trope thoroughly to be able to distinguish between its traditional and modern definition. Secondly by applying this device، Abu-said''s quotations are reexamined. It seems that Abu-Said takes issues with his contemporary Sufism. His disagreements with Sufism، revealed in Abu-Said’s words and deeds، might be considered ironically. This paper sets the stage for reexamining Abu-Said’s quotations in particular by the Verbal Irony. in this way Wilson and Sperbers essay about Verbal Irony helps the author to classified all types of irony in Abu-Said''s quotation while the author himself defined some other type of it and applied them too. this paper is the first research that is going to speak about to Abu-Saids Irony and reperesent him as an Ironic Sufi with Ironic quotations and deeds. keywords: Verbal Irony، Ironical understatement، Ironical Overstatement، silence، Abu-said Abolkheir.