مجله ادبیات پارسی معاصر
سال یکم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

Persian prose at the time of constitution have been faced with verbal and content major changes Journalism is one of the most important reason of these developments. “Roozname vaghaye ettefeghiye” is one of the first news papers in Iran that was publishing during long years. Studying the verbal and stylistic characteristics of this news paper can help us to better realize about Persian prose style especially in Qajar era.

Figures of speech have been considered by many of poets and writers since many years ago. Despite obvious differences that happened in the rhyme and rhythm’ Modern poetry and it’s emotion and epigrams with the past and Nima’s explicit statements based on the inefficiency of Badi, the presence of figures of speech in the Modern poetry cannot ignore. The study of Badi in the poems of four contemporary poets shows that figures of speech in the Modern poetry have lost its artificial aspect and have emerged in natural form and based on a variety of the association. What is in this field in their poetry more seen that group of the figures of diction which they have effective function in creation cohesion moreover verbal music. The figures of thought are not a lot in modern poetry. The cases where are seen often in this part base on antithesis and taxis. In this paper the differences between modern poetry and classical poetry is expressed and figures of speech in examples of poems’ mentioned poets are studied and compared with each other.

Novels created by women in recent years are similar in many aspects. It seems that women novelists, deliberately or not, follow the same principle in writing their novels. The present paper primarily aims to prove that there are similarities in four novels. Structuralism is the approach put into effect to analyze the issue whereas it studies literature with a general and self-sufficient standpoint. Through structuralism, major similarities and purposes of these novels will be unveiled in a number of story elements especially in plot. More or less, the novels share major structural similarities in plot. The main reason behind such similarities is the same cultural situation the creators of these novels live in that leads to the same mental structures used in writing the novels. This paper, firstly explain structuralism concisely. Afterward in the chapter Argument, studies the structuralist's viewpoints that intercommunicate with this paper. Discusses cases in association with plot and specialized viewpoints structuralism about it. Following the plan, third chapter provides a case study on the plot at four novels which shows plot of these four novels, follow the one plan; and finally, the last chapter analyzes the findings of the research and provides a conclusion as well.

One of the language's functions is the literary function. It is the spot of joint of the linguistics and literature. In the literary function, the focus is on the message; so the language of this message distinct of the standard language. The linguists explain this Foregrounding in two ways: escape the standard language that is named Deviation and adding the some rules to it that is named Extra regularity, in three levels: meaning, form and formal realization. The Deviation near the speech to the poetry and the Extra regularity verse it. In this short text, we pay to the most obvious Foregrounding, Deviation, in the Az in Avesta book; because it shows the Akhavan's art. In addition to so many Deviations forward to the Extra regularity in the Akavan's poetry, meaning Deviation is rather than the other kinds of Deviation. This kind contains the Figurative language and meaning Rhetoric topics that increase the imagination. Especially the Simile and Metaphor, two forms of poetic images, have used greatly. Then the temporal Deviation, the use the archaic words, is seen plenty; so we see that the other kinds of Deviation is found rarely; because these reduce the word's glory. Instance is found in the Akhavan's poetry too, that is untitled or isnt dependent on the mentioned kinds exactly.

Myth has a very close connection with Art specially poetry; myth has its roots in nation’s culture and civilization and literature is truly one of factors making nations’ culture & civilization eternal; myth poets, nurture their people’s main and dreams and by connecting the old time myths with their time beliefs, through an inner process in the collective unconscious, they make the myths active and restored; Myth reflection in M. Sereshk’s poetry is salient; he has such a profound connection to literature and ethnic culture and a very comprehensive look in their regard that their beliefs, myths and major events are reflected in his poem: he loves mankind and virtuous men are mythically manifested superior to time and in his poetry; The present Research analyzes manifestation of myth general concept and in a historical super-historical context in five groups: A) National-Ethnic Myths Manifestation B) Prophets Myths Manifestation C) Gnostic Myth Manifestation D) Poets Myth Manifestation E) Supranational-Super-world Myth Manifestation

Word repetition and substitution in the body of the text, are among the factors that cause alienation ion of the poets language. One of the distinguishing features of Monzavi`s poetic language is this “Word repetition”. Not only does this prevailing “word repetition” feature as the prominent characteristic of Monzavi`s poetry, and direct the reader’s attention away from the content of utterance toward its underlying message, but it also affects the semantic structure of his lyrics. It`s also note worthy that Monzavi has employed other literary and artistic elements, such as “contract”, Multiple meaning”,”taxis” and …, in addition to word repetition. The current study is after probing word repetition as of Monzavi`s resources in developing his poetic language.

Sādegh Chuback belong to the second generation of Iranian Writers, Who having consolidated the short story as a genre in Iran, have attempted to present proper examples of it in their short stories. Chuback dealt with the lives of the lower class and the poor and presented their tone and language in the best possible way to display the ugly and bitter realities of life in a very exact and detailed manner. To achieve this end, he exploited various means and techniques of story-telling which make the purposes of the present study. This paper attempts to consider and analyze almost all of the narrative details and techniques in Chuback’s short stories such as plot, character, point of view, language, ect.