نشریه جستارهای سیاسی معاصر
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، تابستان 1393)

The postcolonial studies is a new research field dealing with the problems of the non-Western countries and their culture through critical discourse analysis. This critical approach covers theoretical approaches which analyze the post-colonial discourse by emphasizing on the consequences of Colonialism. Due to the emergence of new issues، the scope of postcolonial studies is a very vast subject which stems from strong interest in different issues of this field، including a range of studies from literary critique and theory to political economic issues، colonial governments، identity، culture، etc. This vastness has caused some ambiguities and controversies between researchers of this field. Hence، it is necessary to be more precise in the approaches and indicators of this field. Attempts have been made in the present paper to shed light on the postcolonial subjects، problems and approaches in order to be more accurate understanding this field and having a closer look at the ties between this field of cultural studies and political studies.

Question about the nature of technology and its relation with the theories of the international relations have not had the same importance in different time contexts. The developments in the information technology revolutions with deep effects on the formation of societies socio-economic and the reconfiguration of the international political economics system، has brought the technology and its mechanisms to the center of theorizing in this field of study. Hence، philosophical contemplation on the place and function of technology in the international relations and its nature is required. Taken for granted in the philosophy of technology the aforementioned phenomenon can’t be reduced to its technical face rather it deals with the construction and evolution of realities، with the ontological and epistemological bases of thought. What is being questioned in this article is what effects have technological developments had on the political economy and international relations structure in regard to the process of theorizing in this field. In this research it’s claimed that the technological change as a basic element of reconfiguration of global political economy provides a framework for theorizing the field of study mentioned above.

Constitutional movement is considered a turning point in the history of Shiite thought. During this historical period the first deep confrontation between Islam and West happened in Iran. Offering new concepts and questions through this period including: Shiite jurisprudent، political literature and thought، made Shiite familiar with recognition and responding to ever-changing conditions. Constitutional Movement as a historical event plays a key role in evolutions and attitudes of jurisprudents in Islamic Revolution. Therefore، studying their attitude towards this phenomenon has a great importance. Thus، this article uses historical analytical method to answer this important question: what was the most important reason of him not taking part or even disagreeing with the Constitutional Movement? According to the available documents and evidences it seems that the most important reason for disagreement and acting passive is his attitude and understanding of the network consisting of trusted persons giving him information about Iran’s state، incompatibility and contradiction of Constitutional Movement goals with religious rules and regulations of Islam.

The main aim of this paper is to make clear that، contrary to what is usually thought in Iran، Muslim brotherhood’s thought is not a unified and integrated one and there are remarkable differences among influential Muslim brotherhood scholars. In this paper four scholars of two different generations of Muslim brotherhood are selected to analyze their standpoint and to show the theory which reduces Muslim brotherhood’s thought to a unified totality is a simplified misconception. Thus analyzing thought of Hassan al-banna and Sayyid Qutb as representatives of the traditional generation of Muslim brotherhood and Yusuf al-Qardawi and Rashid Al-ghannushi as the new generation of Muslim brotherhood’s thinkers we conclude that the thought of post-Hassan Al-banna and Sayyid Qutb generation of Muslim brotherhood has remarkably changed، due to the fundamental changes in the first and most influential generation of Muslim brotherhood scholars including Hassan Al-banna. Furthermore through different periods of time there have been and still are remarkable differences among Muslim brotherhood thought.

This paper deals with the theoretical foundations and conceptual framework of International Political Economy. The main question is about the interaction of political and economic factors leading to the formation and development of International Political Economy. Different variables during the Cold War including the rise of international economic interdependence، collapse of the Bretton Woods system، emergence of new protectionism، the West- East détente، and the 1970s energy crisis contributed to the formation of IPE as a distinct academic discipline. The three most popular schools of IPE are liberalism، Realism، and Marxism arguing about the interaction of political and economic factors in international relations. The American and Britain schools of IPE represent two conflicting worldviews about the legitimate study of IPE. This academic discipline has been dominated by a set of five important issues: international trade، international finance، multinational corporations، North- South relations، and hegemony. IPE studies mutual interactions between political and economic factors in all the subjects mentioned above.

Salafiyah appeared among the Sunni community as a religious movement in a critical manner and gradually took on a political color which eventually changed into a political movement. After a while، their religious strife caused some discrepancies between leaders and followers. A group of them called “Jamieh” supported the government and considered the obedience of the ruler (King) necessary. The second group، “Srurieh”، by individualization of “Fatva” prepared the ground for disobedience to the ruler (king). The third party، “Qotbieh“، with their jihadist propaganda، promoted the idea of Sultanate punishment if his behavior was not Islamic. Finally، the fourth group called “Al Qaeda”، Came up with a combination of skepticism in Srurie and jihadist propaganda of Qotbiye and initiated the world struggle and the extremism. This essay describing these Salafi movements، explains their evolution from subjection to extremism. For the authors، the most important factor of this evolution، is the social and political conditions prevailing in the Muslim world and the processes that govern the relations between the countries in the new world order.

To identify the factors involved in the process of balanced growth and development of Asian countries، it is absolutely necessary to explore the roles played by political elites of such countries as well as their approach to the problem and their function. The present paper tries to present a certain definition of the elite، in general، and political elite، in particular، and aims at studying their role and impact as well as their goals in Iran، Japan and Turkey in order to show their superiority over other factors involved in the societies under development due to their capacity of acting as national and international role models. The roles played by leaders and elite in providing political، educational and economic growth based on relevant factors to the balanced growth and development is studied. Meanwhile the weaknesses and shortcomings of some countries including Iran، particularly in the Pahlavi era، in regard to the lack of a balanced movement towards inclusive development and pluralism have been investigated from historical، political and social aspects. The research is descriptive، analytical and comparative in nature and relies upon library works and documents with maximum use of capacities to gain a better understanding of the effective parameters in the subject and research objective. The results show the political elites have had positive and in some cases negative effects in the process of growth and balanced development of the societies studied; therefore the study of these countries’ development status before the period of elites’ absence and the period after their presence and leadership makes the state of intellectuality and operational state necessary to study for any researcher.