فصلنامه پژوهش نامه زنان
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 21، پاییز 1396)

The present study examines the relationship between gender and environmental citizenship in three districts of Tehran (3, 11, and 19), using a survey method. The statistical population of the study was citizens of Tehran aged 18 to 60 years old, the sample was 384 people, and the research tool was questionnaire. The findings show that women are environmentally more aware and concerned than men and are more involved in environmental conservation activities, such as purchasing environmentally friendly goods, not throwing garbage on environment and so on ... In other words, the level of environmental citizenship of women is higher than that of men. Also, among the three districts of Tehran, the environmental citizenship of the 3rd district is highest; in this district, women have a better relationship with environment than men.

Girls’ tendency to be like a Mannequin and to manipulate their apparent characteristics and to constructs their social body is of the consequences of consumer community, one of the reasons of which is that they regard their childhood dolls as their models. Since young girls are more concerned about their bodies and typically have regarded their childhood Barbie dolls as their models, they are influenced by the culture of Barbies i.e. Mannequinism. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of Barbie dolls, among other factors such as family, social and media, on Girl's tendency toward Mannequinism. In doing so a survey was conducted using questionnaire in a sample size of 335 people. The random sampling method was used and the used theoretical framework was culture industry theory and rethinking theory. In general, findings show that childhood dolls, especially Barbie which has the face and body of a young girl for which many industries have been advertising, provide a model for girl that, during her adolescence and youth, she will try to match with it.

Gender inequality is prevalent in many societies and as a social issue, as other social phenomena, is influenced by various factors. In this research, the effective factors such as ‘Gender role socialization’, ‘patriarchal ideology’ and ‘stereotypical beliefs’ on gender inequality have been addressed, and in doing so syncretist interdisciplinary theories from psychology, social psychology, and in particular sociology have been used. Subsequently, some hypotheses were propounded. The implementation method was survey, and the statistical population is all married women, 135833 people, in the cities of Boukan and Miandoab. The sampling method was multi-stages random sampling and the sample size was chosen using the ‘Cochran’ formula with the sample size of ‘383’. The reliability and the validity of variables were analyzed using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.84) respectively. The data were analyzed by the statistical tests of advanced Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and regression test. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between gender inequality and the related factors.

For making a living and social and economical participation, women householders (the heads of family), as a social group, need social security. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate sociologically the four dimensions of social security including financial, psychological, emotional and communicational securities among women householders in Tehran. In this regard, a survey investigation was conducted on a target population of 400 women householders who are under the protection of supportive NGOs in Tehran, selected by two-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool was questionnaire accompanying interviews. The theoretical framework of the research was explained using social security theories and economic theories such as poverty feminization and social alienation, and the data obtained from the survey were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the research showed that though women householders have a higher level of financial, psychological, emotional and financial security in their private home and family, the degree of sensing the social security dimensions decreases significantly in the public sphere.

From a sociological point of view this research aims to study lying phenomenon in the relationships of three groups of marital couples, roommates and troths in Tehran. Methodologically a qualitative approach and content analysis method have been used in order to achieve lying patterns. Research findings suggest that factors such as insecurity, economic dependency of wife, spouse satisfaction, and the lack of understanding and confidence in the marital relationship lead to lying among martial couples. Factors like facilitating relationships, obtaining mutual satisfaction, control and privacy, and lack of independence in life lead to lying among troths. And as to roommates, lack of commitment and responsibility, selfishness, and pursuit of individual desires and family and cultural restrictions lead to lying. Comparing the patterns of lying, the findings indicate Lying functions for marital couples as a loophole, for troths as relationship facilitator and for roommates as a tool to get more pleasure.

The main purpose of this article is to find out how women belonged to patriarchal families evaluate their common life and how they look at the phenomenon of patriarchy dominant in their life. The method of the research was qualitative and the research tool was deep interview. Contributors, from the Clan of Dehbalai located in Ilam city, were selected purposefully. Using Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus, and mental structures, an explanation of women's views on the phenomenon of patriarchy was provided. Data analysis was done using coding.
As the result of the research the patriarchal field characteristics of the clan were identified and the satisfactory obedience of women participating in authoritarian relationships was explained. Patriarchal field characteristics were: gradual acclimatization to masculine authority, self-censorship and the adoption of the rules of the patriarchal field, the lack of struggle for survival in the field, the acquisition of passive and submissive mental structure, and the reproduction of patriarchal culture to next generation. What distinguishes this research is that it displays the satisfactory patriarchy-laden life of a group of women, which is in clear conflict with egalitarian thought.