نشریه مطالعات ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1386)

One of the general characteristics of natural languages is "ambiguity" and it is when one structure can result in different meanings and understandings. Being aware of ambiguity plays an important role in the correct understanding and appropriate application of language to communicate the goals and convey the message. A successful communication is the one in which both sender and receiver exchange the intention in a complete and correct manner.The present article not only defines and introduces the ambiguity, but also explains some ways to remove it through discussing word order and noun phrases in Farsi and English languages.

Jacques Derrida is one of the most influential figures in literary theory in the English-speaking world, yet much of his writing on literary texts and on the question of literature is not easily available in translation. This essay brings together a number of the ideas on the English literary texts and figures; and also. indicates some of Derrida's ideas about politics, literature and feminism.

Stiglii Nameh is a kind of rhythmic poetry in which the poet addresses the bartender to death and mortal life. Although this kind of poetry is the same as others about wine because of mentioning the red wine and chalice, it's known as a special one in Persian poetry. On the other hand, philosophic ethnic and Gnostic content obviously differs from the ones with ordinary contents.

There were various reasons which caused abbreviations. Laze, hastiness in communication and using the natural capacities of languages in order to create correlativity are some of those reasons. Specialization of different sicientific branches and the combination of science and technology, which would be more extensive and wealthy, is another important reason. There are two important ways to make the words shorter: one is abbreviation and the other is blending.

Research on the culture, costumes and traditions of the land of Iran, not only enlightens a lot of dark points of the literature but also is important because of different aspects and reasons.Understanding the folk culture through literary texts also has a lot of advantages, some of which are mentioned in this article. The present article is a research on Islamic, Iranian and Azeri folk culture referring to Khamseh Nezami's works including Makhzan al Asriir, Khosro va Shinn, LeW va Majnoon, Haft Peikar and Eskandar Niimeh.Keywords: culture, folk culture, beliefs, costumes and traditions, poetic language, religious beliefs remedial beliefs, astronomical beliefs, social costumes and tratidtions, costumes and traditions of the court, tales, fables.

Today, comparative literature regards as an important branch of literature which may result precious accomplishment in literal study. Comparative literature is a branch of literature, better to say literal criticism which compares different literal writings in different languages and studies similarities and conflicts. In other word, comparative literature discusses literal writings of other nations. To say briefly, comparative literature is one nation's perspective in ohter nation's literature. The nobility of literal writings will increase if they are studied comparatively. Other language's literature has had interplay on each other, certainly the Persian and Arabic interplay is the most obvious one. The writer of the present article attempts to mention some advantages of comparative literature and offers common samples in Persian and Arabic literatue.

Discussing tales and proverbs of different tribes and nations is very interesting; especially when compared to each other and their origin is searched. The shared themes mean that two different persons in two different places and at two different times have been influenced by one subject and have quoted it. There are a lot of examples of this in literature of different nations.In this article, 50 shared proverbs in Arabic, Persian and English languages have been selected and reviewed.
tales and proverbs, themes of the tales, costumes and traditions, beliefs.

The comparison of Shahnameh's prologue and Zoroastrian relics shows that Ferdowsi has been familiar with Iranian philosophy and contemplations. A lot of common phrases, qualities and characteristics attributed to God, can be found in both of Shahnameh's prologue and Zoroastrian relics; although there are also differences between them. These similarities and differences have been introduced and discussed in the present article in two separate sections.

This article is a comparative review on Besmellet: aI-Rahman aI-Rahim "In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful" in Quran, Bible and Torah; in which, it is concluded that from an historical perspective, this verse, with this form, is only in Quran; and, in other scriptures, like Bible and Torah, each word simply begun with God's title, without Besmellah ... (in the name of ... ).

The present article is a comparison of Iran's contemporary poetry with the Arab's one. In this comparison Forough Farokhzad's poetry is brought as an example of Iran's contemporary poetry and Ghadat al-Saman is brought as an example of Iran's contemporary poetry. At the beginning of this article the definition of the comparative literature from different authoritie's points of views is dicussed. A history of the comparative literature is brought as well. The two expressions "Criticism" and "Comparative criticsm" is explained within this article.