نشریه مطالعات ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 22 (تابستان 1391)

In this paper,Persian language, from the view of the nature and structure has been compared with other languages; and scholarly argument, its pureness andelegance, expunction and simplicity, dynamics and advanced linguistic isdemonstratedobviously and firmly; and subsequently,it is spoken abouttheharmsand damages that can threaten Persian languagedue to its mixture with other languages.

This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industrial revolution that began in the Language Arts. In this paper, three of their political views, "colonialism", "freedom" and "war" are studied; and at the end, the similarities and differences in their perspectives and their ways of explaining of each topic have been presented.

The ancient links betweenArab and Iraniannations caused the language, culture in Arabic and Persianliterature, to be in extensive interactions with each other; that have manifested themselves in the cultural field particularly the popular culture.The attempts made in the field of comparative literature are minimal.Hence, investigating the theme of poverty in famouspoetry ofParvinEtesami andRasafi, comparative studying was conductedin Arabic and Persian literature. Rasafi, because of the awareness of the social issues, especially the poverty,special attention shown to poverty and considered the community leaders as its causes; and also, ParvinEtesami, sees the negligence of the rulers as the main cause of poverty in the human society; but for being woman, she was less accepted by society; but like Rasafihad a pity towards orphans, widows and the needy in the community.

Kalila wa Dimna is among the most valuable books in human history that from long ago has attracted the attention of the people from different cultures. Its origin has been Indian and in Sanskrit. This book is among the works that are not restricted to a particular nation and it has been translated in accordance with the culture and language of each people and the translators have done some manipulation in it. Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub, knows the book Kalila wa Dimna as the origin of the emergence of comparative literature. Abolma’ali’s translation that was performed after Ibn-e-Moghaffa’s one, has been the base of various students’ research in different majors. In this field, the present study also examines the techniques of rhetoric in these two valuable books.

Among the works that the orientalists in nineteenth-century have translated and introduced into the European language and literature, Saadi's works have a special place. Ralph Waldo Emerson, the transcendental American poet that has been familiar with the works of Saadi through these translations, has found so many mystical and divine beliefs of his own in them.He who doesn’t like the materialism and SUPERFICIALITY of his time, has been distracted by thoughts of Saadi and his oriental look to the fact of life, and this fascination can be discovered in Emerson's poetry and prose. With a comparative look at Saadi and Emerson’s works, this paper is to achieve common mystical and transcendental themes that were the concerns of both poets from two different cultures and literatures that have been far apart. Motif such as intuition, spirit, soul, worship, surrender and satisfaction, that all have repeatedly come in the prose and poetry of Saadi and Emerson, are the principle elements of Emerson's transcendental philosophy and the mystical ideas of Saadi Shirazi.

Simile is one of the most obvious and fundamental ways of expression that has a major role in imagination and effect of poet’s speech. In this article in a descriptive – analysis and comparative method, similes have been surveyed in theosophical poems of Boostan and Motanabbi’s theosophical poems from different aspects such as: mutual of simile, perceptual simile and conceptual simile, singular and compound, point of resemblance and … and statistical analysis of them is presented. The results of research reveal that, Saadi and Motanabbi, have used different types of similes including: singular, compound, absolute simile, implicit simile, shortened simile, emphatic simile and …, but in the application of simile they are statistically different. As among 311 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Boostan, 97 of them were similes (%31) and among 112 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Motanabbi 43 were similes (%38) and this fact shows that Motanabbi,s power or trend to simile is more than Saadi. The second result is that Saadi,s similes are often singular, shortened and obvious, but Motanabbi,ssimiles are compound, implicit and complicated.

By comparing Shahnameh with Nahj al-Balagha we can easily figure out that Ferdowsi has used definitions of Holy Quran, along with quotations from holy Imams, especially Imam Ali in his poems which represents both his believes regarding to the religion and his dominance over the meaning and definitions of Nahj al-Balagha.In this article, the researcher has tried to do a comparison and to see the reflection of Nahj al-Balagha in Shahnameh, and also some examples of the effects of Imam Ali‘s speech on Ferdowsi has been mentioned as well

Woman and her personality has been the matter that attracted writers and poets’ attention, so that her beauty has been sometimes described with agreeable verses and sometimes reproached by undesirable statements. Unfortunately, our past verse and prose literature considered woman pessimistically with the effect of current atmosphere.Khajouy-e-kermani, the famous poet of the eighth century and Homer who was the beginner of the west epic poem talked about woman in their poems, sometimes both of them reproached her and sometimes praised her. Although the comparison of woman's personality in Iliad and Samnameh faces some difficulties due to the differences among cultures, these two valuable works have considered woman lower than man and these two poets unkindly behaved other woman except Helen. This article has investigated the place of woman in Iliad and Samnameh and discusses the differences and common points between these two poets by reasoning.

With the advent of the new mythology school and scientific investigation on the existing resources, there is a new insight into the myths in the science. And without a doubt, the myth, illuminate the meaning of life. And so, it’s a nonfiction story opposite the tale and anecdote that are false stories; and as the Myth square is a square of the primitive man’s struggle to analyze himself and the world around him, in the myth worldview also, man has attempted to properly answer his basic questions around the cosmos and human. In this regard, we encounter many contemporary theories in which the one of Levi Strauss is the mostcomprehensive. In this analytical research paper, the author has tried to study in a structuralism way “The Asurig tree "story according to Levi-Strauss's view and his allusions on the basis of the contrast in binary systems and its elements will be analyzed according to this view.