فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

To evaluate the effect of Hyperopia, Myopia and Astigmatism on measurement of color vision, we experimentally induced refractive errors by positive, negative and cylinder lenses and estimated this effect on measurement of color vision.

From one hundred patients referred to optometry clinic, sixty subjects with distance corrected or uncorrected visual acuity of 6.6, and without any ocular pathology were selected. Color vision was measured by D15 test before and after introducing 2 to 14 diopter positive lenses, 4 to18 diopter minus lenses and 2 to 10 diopter positive cylinder lenses, to induce Hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism respectively.

The age was between 15 to 45 years. Although the decrease in color vision (or increase in the mean errors) was significant by introducing 4 to 14 positive, 8 to 18 minus and 4 to 10 cylinder, but it was not statistically significant by introducing 3 D positive lenses, 3D cylinder lenses and 4 D minus lenses.

Induced 4 D or more myopia and astigmatism reduces color vision measured by D-15 test. But induced 8D or more Hyperopia can cause reduction in color vision measurement? On the other hand myopia and astigmatism less than 4 diopters, and hyperopia less than 8 diopters have no effect on the measurement of color vision.

The continuous assessment of functional independence level in daily activities of elderly, residing in nursing homes is necessary. It seems that one of the important characteristics of the proper tools is their shortness. This study was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the 3-item, 4-item and 5- item versions of Barthel index in the elderly, residing in anursing home.

After translating the tools, sampling was performed by using census method in Kashan Golabchi nursing home in 2006 (n=100). The questionnaires were completed through interview and observation. Inter-rater agreement was assessed. The tools reliability was determined via internal consistency method. Their validity was determined via Concurrent validity and Known-groups approach. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Kappa, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Kruskal-wallis test.

In all of the assessed tools, the inter-rater reliability for every item was good (Kappa>0.61). In relation to the total score, all of the tools Intra-class correlation coefficients were more than 0.9. The questionnaires reliability coefficients (internal consistency) were calculated 0.83-0.93. Item-total correlation confirmed their reliability too. Their concurrent validity with Persian Original Barthel index were confirmed (r=0.98, p<0.0001). The known-groups approach also revealed that these tools are valid (p<0.0001).

The Persian versions of short 3, 4 and 5- item Barthel index for evaluation of disability in elderly, residing in Golabchi nursing home are valid and reliable.

The polyneuropathy caused by chronic Gasoline Sniffing is reported to be a gradually progressive, symmetric, sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The report of gasoline sniffing by three 12, 16 and18 years old brothers (Respectively 5, 8 and 11 years of gasoline inhalation addiction) that referred with peripheral neuropathy was studied. The conditions were characterized by relatively small reduction in nerve conduction velocity (depending on the severity of nerve involvement) and to some degree in all four limbs with moderate to severe sensory and motor involvement, lower limbs had worse conditions than upper limbs. The neuropathy was attributed to the N-hexane and tetraethyl, the lead components of gasoline. Educational efforts about the dangers of gasoline sniffing are essential.