فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

Corneal sensitivity is one of the indicators for corneal health which may be affected by some factors such as age and geographical area. The purpose of this study was to measure normal central corneal sensitivity in different age groups with healthy cornea in Tehran. Central corneal sensitivity of the right eye of 596 volunteers (age ranged 15-81) was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. Subjects were divided into six age groups of 1-6 based on age ranges of 15-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 56-65 and >65 years, respectively. All measurements were performed by the same optometrist in 18 degrees of centigrade temperature, 35% humidity and between 2-5 p.m. There was a significant main effect of age group (f=92.22, p=0.000). There was statistically significant difference of central corneal sensitivity among all age groups (p≤0.01) except between group 1 and 2 (p=0.955). Based on the finding of the present study, the central corneal sensitivity decreases after age of 36 years in this study population which is earlier than what has been previously reported.

Hearing loss affected all aspects of life, specially communication and language skills. Hearing loss in pre- lingual age has different impact on comprehension, speech, language and their performance. The purpose of this article is to compare comprehension skills and using passive verbs between children with hearing loss who use cochlear implant and their intact peers. In this study comprehension and using passive verbs have been compared between two groups of age and gender-matched children (10 in each group). Evaluation of passive verb's comprehension have been performed with test of passive verb's comprehension which normalized by Azar Mehri 1388. This test has 15 triplet pictures. The passive sentence related to each picture has been expressed conversationally and the child had to present it. If he/she could not distinguish the verb, the examiner had to reveal it. The test has 17 serialized pictures, in this method therapist explained each verb's serialized picture in the story telling way and a child completed the sentence also the therapist asked questions to guide a child toward the correct verb. There was a significant difference between normal and children with hearing loss in terms of the rate of comprehension and using passive verbs (comprehension p=0/008, usage p=0/008). The results show the significant delay in comprehension and using passive verbs, which may be due to a delay in diagnosis of the hearing loss, delay in receiving rehabilitation trainings, loss of lingual age and inefficient cochlear implant devices.

To evaluate optometrist and ophthalmologist approach in KCN diagnosis. A questionnaire was introduced randomly to Iranian ophthalmologist and optometrist in two national and international congresses. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions that some of them has related to KCN early diagnosis and lens fitting. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.594 in ophthalmologists and 0.603 among optometrist groups. 36.2% of optometrists and 18% of ophthalmologists believed that retinoscopic reflex is very important in KCN diagnosis. Bio-microscopy was believed to be important in 53.7% of optometrists and 48.7% of ophthalmologists. Corneal imaging was important in early diagnosis of KCN 55.8% of optometrists and 57.7% of ophthalmologists. Most of optometrists believed that retinoscopy is most important in KCN diagnosis. Both groups believed that bio-microscopy and corneal imaging are very important in KCN diagnosis. Educational courses should be considered for contact lens fitting, both for optometrists and ophthalmologists. Regular congresses and symposiums may be recommended.

The majority of health system related staffs is nurses. Job satisfaction causes to increase the organization productivity and employees are committed to the organization and his physical and mental health will be guaranteed. Identifying the related factors in nurse's job satisfaction may be useful in increasing their job satisfaction and creating necessary motivation to do their therapeutic, educational and research duties. In this study, the job satisfaction and its related factors in nurses in Kermanshah hospitals during 2012, were studied. This is an Analytic-Descriptive study that was performed on 629 nurses in Kermanshah hospitals who have been selected based on step sampling methods. Data collection tools include demographic information and standardized job satisfaction questionnaire (Herzberg) and job satisfaction was categorized in three levels. The results showed that job satisfaction among workers in eight areas are as follows: the workplace (75.2%), relationship with colleagues (49%), compensation (75.1%), job status (60.5%), job security (64.6%), monitoring and supervision (64%), management policy (59.2%) and personal life (65.7%). Most significant satisfaction was about communication with co-workers and the significant least satisfaction was in hard working benefits, establish equity and non-discrimination and the amenities. Chi-square test showed a significant association between gender, education, type of employment, career and administrative shift. Results indicate that overall rate of satisfaction was in a satisfactory condition. Considering the research findings it is recommended to the Ministry of health, education and medical treatment that make greater effort in order to improve job satisfaction in the fields of on-time payment of salaries, as well as conservative design, hard working benefits and facilities.

Today drug-addiction count as a social and psychological issue, which threats the whole community. Drug addiction can affect the entire life of an individual and often lead to abnormal behavior. In addition, additiondisrupts natural performance of an individual in the family, work place and society. This study aims to reveal the differences between addicted and non-addicted married men in family functionality. The data was collected using questionnaire among 384 married men (192 in each group) in city of Tehran. The sampling method of the addicted individuals were from an available set sample, and the non-addicted individuals were selected by random cluster sampling from the general population who were comparable with the addicted people in terms of demographical characteristics. The utilized measurement tools employed in the assessment of family functionality were based on the McMaster family assessment model. Student T and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis purposes. The results showed that there is a significant meaningful difference between addicted male and non-addicted in terms of family functionality, problem solving, ability to communicate, role playing, emotional responses, affective involvement and behavioral control. Addicted male exhibited lower scores in all aforementioned variables. There are significant meaningful differences between addicted male and non-addicted in terms of: problem solving, ability to communicate, role playing, emotional responses, affective involvement and behavioral control. Therefore, these factors should also be considered in the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicted individuals. In addition, it is essential in behavioral therapy implementation and cognitive therapy sessions for individuals in order to help the person obtaining the skills and training before he could return back to the normal conditions after treatment, hence, experiencing a successful and healthy life style.

Language acquisition is one of the most common important learning in child‘s life. Many children do little effort to learn language. However, some of them encounter difficulties in language acquisition, without any impairment in neurological, cognitive, sense, emotional and enviremental aspects. These children are called as having specific language impairment (SLI). Many Researches have been performed in this field to investiagtethe problem in language learning in these children. In this study, investigations focusingd on auditory processing in specific language impairment have been reviewed. A review of the latest literature on the subject of auditory processing in specific language impairment was performed using Science Direct and Google Scholar, data bases, between 1960-2013. In SLI children we see Auditory processing disorder has been observed in SLI children accompanying with functional and anatomical differences in some parts of central auditory nervous system.

The first report of Burkholderia caused- Infection in Iran dated back to forty years ago which showed this type of infection was limited among animal population. Recently, according to human case reports in Iran, little is reported about this infection and it is not considered in laboratory and clinical domains. Thus, the main aim of this study was to investigate the Burkholderia –caused infections in clinical and diagnostic systems. This review-article was performed after searching through NCBI, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI, WHO and CDC data banks and it has been updated until submission date to the journal. The old data was collected through the earlier versions of journals, books and inter-& external related seminars. The first Burkholderia-caused infection history in Iran was reported among horses from Razi Institute which inoculated with Burkholderia pseudomallei for vaccine production in 1970. Later on, one human case with pneumonia was reported in 1977. After a big gap, in 2004, the Iranian Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovars was isolated and identified among pneumonia in Cystic Fibrosis patients. At Tehran zoo, Glanders in imported Siberian tigers was reported at 2011 and finally the human isolated Burkholderia pseudomalleus in an individual traveler to endemic area was announced in 2012. According to the recent Burkholderia species isolated from human population in Iran, the uncertain prevalence of Burkholderia-caused infection, mis-identification of Burkholderia genus in clinical samples and the resistance of some Burkholderia to antibiotics, it seems logical that the clinical and para-clinical researches should pay more attention on this bacteria through diagnostic and clinical approaches and determine the real state of this type of infection.