فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، ربیع 2014)

The present article studies the short stories by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra the Iraqi writer who was born in Palestine. He is among the neo-writers of Arabic literature concerning poetry, translation, criticism and novel. His collection “Ergh and other Stories” is one of his first experiences in story writing. His stories seem to be an introduction or a conclusion to his novel which was inspired by romantic literature and mixes romanticism, realism and symbolism. Jabra writes from the breadth of his imagination until reality is revealed.

Muhammad Al-MaQut is considered as one of the most important pioneers of blank verse in Arab world. His literary works include different forms such as novel، drama، blank verse، movie script and diary. Simplicity، pragmatism and sadness are characteristics of his works. This article attempts to study the language used by Al-MaQut in “Badvi Al-Ahmar”. The simplicity of the terminology applied by Al-MaQut and avoiding difficult vocabulary is a characteristic of his poetry. Repetition of the pronoun “I” is another characteristic of his poetic language. Also is using vocative cases and interrogative forms.

Sadeq Choobak and Najeeb Mahfooz are pioneer novelists in Iran and Egypt who have great contribution on the evolution and development of story writing. Tangsir of Sadeq Choobak and Thief and dogs of Najeeb Mahfooz novels have reflected the social realities of a historical period of Iran and Egypt and revealed the internal and external world of low level people of their societies. Reflection of poverty and injustice، emphasis on individual battle and seeking justice of the society’s hero، partly outstanding role of woman، studying the realistic and naturalistic styles and symbolism feature of both novels are among the subjects which have been dealt in analytical study of these two novels.

Sheikh Mohammad Bashir Ibrahimi is one of the renowned performers of Algeria. He is also known in literature field and one of the famous writers in the country. For releasing people of Algeria، he established a terrific culture structure not only to revive freedom of Algeria and save it from French colonization but also to return eminent place that Islam had granted to this area. Modernity was initiator of his activities and works. Not surprisingly، he struggles for reviving Arabian language، arranging it with today’s needs and securing it from decline and rollback; as a result، world of Islam، especially society of Arabs، would be secured from falling of Arabic culture and national identity، because language is the container of thought and culture. Hence، in present research، we review Sheikh Ibrahimi’s modern thoughts about Arabic language by descriptive analysis method to explain his insight. The most important result of the study is that Ibrahimi believes that arrangement of Arabic language with today’s development and problems and of course without separating it from ancestors’ values and heritage will result in revival and development of Arabic language at present time.

Hallaj، facing different circumstances، is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government، he met his dark fate and condemned to death. The age in which Hallaj lived was the real renaissance in Islamic thought. Massignon resembles this age with that of the fifteenth century in the West. But Hallaj was economically belonged to poor rank، and scientifically and intellectually belonged to a high rank. Hallage’s symbolic character played an important role in the modern poetry، and occupied an important space in the poem of contemporary poets like AL-Biati in Arabic literature and Iqbal Al-Lhoori in Persian literature. Since Hallaj is an Iranian character which occupied an international position، so many contemporary poets in both mentioned literatures- and in accordance with their literary ability- employed this symbolic character to express political and social events. So Al-Biati employed Hallaj as a symbol to express his suffering from being away from home and the tyranny of the government. Also Iqbal Al-Lahoori employed Hllaj،s symbolic character to express his feeling about cosmic creation، bad social conditions and his invitation to the youngs to take necessary steps to reach the real independence.

Eulogizing Mohammad (PBUH), with the long history as we know it, has always been in the center of attention for poets since his birth. As we know, one of the most notable poems, categorized as religious poems, is that of Bordeh Bosiri which was written in 7th century and revitalized the eulogy of the Prophet. Since then, following Bosiri’s style, many have portrayed their genuine affections on the paper using various language and interpretations, expressing their sincere love for Him, the Honorable. In present era, many a Kurd poets have entered into this realm. The present paper, through studying common themes and outstanding merits shared by Bordeh Bosiri and other Iranian Kurd eulogists of the Prophet intends to ruminate over such poems what is full of exquisite fragrance of the Prophet and what is a pretext for writers to study the poets’ heartfelt emotions and feelings. May it be well received by Him, the Honorable. Profound emotions, disregarding people in power, in accordance with their eulogies and nearness to God are among the most notable features among contemporary Iranian Kurd poets.