فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، شتاء 2011)

The present article studies one of the new methods of story narration which reviews the constant stream of thoughts and feelings inside the minds of the characters of the story. One of the basic objectives of applying this technique is having freedom in the regular elements of theme and plot. Instead of codes the story is based on tangible and touchable realities so that the reader will be able to use his talent and intelligence to understand the intellectual experiences and interpret the codes. SonOllah Ibrahim is among the novelists of 60s in Egypt who has applied this technique in a good way and in the novel “Stalking” he depicts the mixture of social issues with mental realitiesof the characters.

Rumi; the quiet bagpipe undoubtedly one of the greatest poets of Islamic literature and mysticism and Persian. Visit the cryptic and mysterious, with its itinerant Sufi Tabrizi angry black dress, also completely transformed her life and around the true story and the established. So for his relief and comfort his disciples and answered the request and asked Hussam al-Din, the Masnavi and the anthem and observe it to be polite style and narrative knowledge and story and incorporated it, dressed and decorated garden created But the Maulana Shams was crazy big. Giant "magic"and "imagination"and "music" of their minds teapot, made of free literature can not observe and not drunk and lost the wild forest to create the necessary literature in respect of such intoxication was no wonder if Can be. Masnavi, like the Koran, was written around the story of the style to remain mysterious and symbolic, and the followers of all ages in the course "invites" the "wonder" also "mind" and "lessons" to learn and teach. Stories, the cups were made for fishing meanings. Therefore, the processing Masnavi tales philosophy but philosophy, the story does not stop processing

ArtEach nation has something to proud and glory it, and this is the manner of Arabs who proud about their language and good style, and they maintained on their language because they sent their sons into Al Badaiy desert’ to keep their Arabic language, even with we have found in their language some Arabic and Loan words and from here it was our subject for investigating loan words in the book of (Lesan-ol-Arab) by Ibn-Manzoor So we have investigated some Persian loan words in this book from the point of meaning. Then we have tried to refer each word into its language which is come from to show its meaning in this language and this what we have tried to show the trace of foreign languages on Arabic language and the range of its effect in it.

The present article studies the reality of “Zohdyyat” by Abul Atahie. Has Abul Atahie been a real pious? Or has he chosen piety as a technic for poetry? Is his piety Islamic? Or is it spiritual? Or is he an infidel?The present article tries to study the doubts and accusations in this regard so that we will know the reality of his “Zohdyyat”. For the sake of this reason we first study the elements which led him toward this type of poetry and then through his life background we will determine whether the origins of his piety are Islamic or not.

The present article studies the short stories by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra the Iraqi writer who was born in Palestine. He is among the neo-writers of Arabic literature concerning poetry, translation, criticism and novel.His collection “Ergh and other Stories” is one of his first experiences in story writing. His stories seem to be an introduction or a conclusion to his novel which was inspired by romantic literature and mixes romanticism, realism and symbolism. Jabra writes from the breadth of his imagination until reality is revealed.

You can find the name ofNileRiverin most of the poetic collections inEgyptandSudan. The Beauty of this river occupies and captivates the mind of poets. Therefore the poets write their best poems especially about this river. Poems which have special style with a divine structure, strong words, beautiful glossary and worthy concepts. One of the most famous man among the poets is Abdullah Al-Tayeb Al-Majzoob which named his poetic collections “the Echoes of the Nile”, because he LovedNileRiver. In his poems theNileRiverchanges its characteristic from emotional confine to the meaning horizon and it’s the symbol of strong will, and its dignity and honor lead to elation of the homeland. Therefore whisper of fondness toNilein his poems shows poet’s interest to this river because this deep relation between them is arisen and developed from his childhood and has deep root in the love formed from inner and soul, and inspires a sense of calmness and security to him. That’s why we can say that the poet’s eagerness and appetite toNileRiveris a sign of his kindness and enthusiasm to humanity, time and location and his soul is amorous toNileand merged to his family and evidently he cannot escape from this infatuation. That’s why he is continually talking about Nile River in his poetic collection and so many odes and poems are adorned with this river name.

Maroof Al-Rosafee, a best-known poet, was born in1875 in Baghdad.He did his best to reflect his social issues in his anthology. That is why he speaks about social issues specially poverty and poorness in collection of elegiacs. Due to such a fact, he was known as "poets of the poor". The main reasons for such a title were facts like "psychological factors, poet's environment and his sensitivity". Al-rasafee was not a poet who witnessed poverty and social issues in his society. As a matter affect, he was not indifferent to what happened around him. He was highly keen on finding some solution to the reasons for such social issues as ignorance, old customs acting as a barrier to improve and develop a society, neglecting and colonization. In his works, he also made effort o depict deterring ways of poverty including how to get knowledge, kindness of the rich to the poor, cooperation and being economical in life.

comparative literature,when it is looked at by French school, investigates,studies and compares historical roots of the folk(national) literature with other kinds of such literature.comparative literature research works have always been under each others influence since the beginning of literary activity up to second part of the twentieth century,that is when American literary school was ushered.this school (American school) does not consider historical conditions to be an effective factor influencing comparative research works,nevertheless it paysgreat attention to human knowledge and human sciences and considers then important factors in comparing literary works. The Present paper triees to study the schools of comparative literature and its matter and methods in the world.