نشریه زبان شناخت
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

Mādayān ī Hazār dādestān is a juridical book in Pahlavi (= Middle Persian) which has been written in Sasanian era. Mādayān ī Hazār dādestān is the only book remained from the juridical tradition of Zoroastrianism. This book is dedicated to juridical issues such as slavery, tutelage, bailment/ warranty, partnership, marriage, divorce and etc. This article studies the juridical law related to warranty expressed by the terms 'pāyandānīh' and 'ham- pāyandānīh'. This report is divided into two parts; the first part defines 'pāyandānīh' and 'pāyandān' and analyzes the related laws. For example who chooses 'pāyandān' and how is it qualified, when can the claimant refer to it and what can be 'pāyandān'. The second part 'ham-pāyandānīh' and its related rules are studied, such as like what are the features of 'ham-pāyandānīh' and what commitments does it impose and the differences between the two.

The conceptual metaphor program firstly launched by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) in Metaphors We Live By book. The theory attempt to describe conceptual metaphors as mental chart that idealize in the language metaphorically. Most of the studies of conceptual metaphors are limited to speech and writing. However studying of conceptual metaphors especially emotional metaphors in pictures can expand the conceptual metaphor model. Forceville (1996, 1999, and 2002) for the first time studied metaphor mapping in images and movies. The current paper analyzes anger metaphors in 10 congenital blinds’ language metaphors in comparison with their sighted peers based of Forceville model. According to the result, there are some differences and similarities in understanding of anger and anger metaphors in the language of two groups. one can see the effect of language on shaping the mental images of the absolute congenital blind that do not have any visual notion of their environment.

The aim of the present research is a comparative analysis between the discourse frame of advertisements in Internet and Persian magazines in terms of verbal and non-verbal features. In verbal part, more prominent syntactic and lexical features and in non-verbal part, the analysis of color, covert taxonomy technique, salience in images, paralanguage and pictorial parallelism were examined. After data analysis, it was found that the discourse frame of advertisements in the two media have differences as well as similarities. In terms of verbal features, the differences include little use of interrogatives and more use of alien and unfamiliar words in magazines’ advertisements compared to Internet advertisements. The use of imperatives, disjunctive syntax and positive adjectives were among the observed similarities in verbal section between the two kinds of media. Regarding the non-verbal features, it was observed that Internet and magazines’ advertisements are different in terms of the application of warm and cool colors and pictorial parallelism. However, both groups of the advertisements are similar in using the covert taxonomy technique, paralanguage in writing, salience in images and the technique of making eye contact with the audience to attract their attention.

The increasing passion of poets and audiences of today Iranian poems to what is called ’’Speech poem’’ reveals the importance of study the language characteristics of this poetic style especially with the mass interacting in the critics and reading contacts of this style in the literary communications. This mass interaction makes some problems in finding the differences between Speech poem and those who use speech language in their work in any way. In this essay we will try to analysis the prominent language characteristics, the way of using speech language by the Speech poets and the language differences of this poetic style with other styles and how speech act can be substituted with speech and the effect of this substitution in the narrativity of Speech poem and also the ways of using the language coeds, and the ways of using of some language elements like modal elements and deixis.

The present article, in the experimental phonetics framework, investigates whether speakers of standard Persian deliberately control the secondary feature of vowel duration correlating with vowel height or if this feature merely results from primary features and therefore can be explained by biomechanical factors. Vowel durational differences among high, mid and low vowels across changes in different speech rates (slow, normal and fast) and in two place of articulations (front and back) were analyzed in standard Persian. The results show that the duration of vowels differing in height is not actively controlled by speakers. These results also shows that durational differences in vowels differing in height cannot be explained by biomechanical factors.

One of the Manichaean Parthian texts consists of the passion of Christ and his crucifixion by the conspiracy of the Jews. One part of this text is about the Judas’ betrayal of Jesus and is unfortunately lost from all the existing manuscripts. Some of the previous editions of this text does not match to what the manuscripts contain in this particular point. The others which have reflected the correct reading of the manuscripts have interpreted the text in such a manner that does not have any coordination with what we know from the Christian and other Manichaean narrations of this story. In this paper, by using the linguistic potentialities of the text and considering sound changes and word formation in Iranian languages, the author will try to offer a reading which is more consistent with the above-mentioned narrations.

Using linguistic patterns in studying the style of different texts can help Persian stylistics to get out of repeating traditional methods and getting in a new way. A way which make this field more dynamic and more applied.For this purpose, in the present article we have tried to use Hallidayan functional grammar, specially textual metafunction,in order to study the style of the tales of TafsireSoureyeYousof.To do this we analyzed 16 tales of the book and found that although at first glance the prose of the tales is simple (morsal) because of using unmarked and simple themes more than marked and multiple ones, and using reference more than other cohesive devices, but relative use of long sentences, marked and multiple themes, and also low frequency of ellipsis and substitution in order to create Rhyme andbalance, shows that the tales have somewhat rhymed prose.