فصلنامه پژوهش های اطلاعاتی و جنایی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، تابستان 1395)

Cyberspace is an inseparable element of the modern life and a platform for gaining information anywhere across the world. These conditions can be considered as an opportunity; however, in case necessary measures are not adopted, the society will face ills. In respect of ills existing in the cyberspace, we face two fundamental challenges. First, what the preventive measures are; second, on what principles the guidelines need to be based so that they are most influential. Thus, the main goal of this paper was to explain the role of education in preventing cyberspace including individual and mental ills. The method for this article was a descriptive and a correlative one. The statistical population of this research consisted of students and professors in the Computer Department, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, for as many as 150 people. As prevention from ills existing in the cyberspace is a critical issue, this paper, based on a library-descriptive method and upon examination of sources, was introduced to be a recommended guideline for preventing cyberspace ills.
For education to be most influential, it must be offered based on didactic principles. Seemingly, organizing education by using Islamic Education Principles can attract the interested people to enter the area of technology based on Islamic Thinking and better prevention from vulnerabilities, where the best form of this process occurs with the co-op between the Seminary, parents and mass media advertisement and Education bodies (i.e. the education organizations).

Crime scene management is the first and most sensitive stage in criminal investigations. Given the role of material evidence existing at the scene for substantiating the occurrence of crime and identifying the criminal or establishing the innocence of people charged, it is highly important to maintain and investigate crime scene and to gather crime evidence existing at it. This research seeks to identify components and indices of optimal crime scene management. This research is an applied one in a descriptive- analytical form. To analyze data, single sample Wilcoxon's Test and to rate, Friedman Test were used. The intended statistical population consisted of judges and experts of crime scene investigation in the city of Tehran for the as many as 50 people. Research findings showed that optimal crime scene management components and indices were determined by using the views of experts and investigation sources, and research findings confirmed the effects of these components with the priority of "identification", "other major factors", "reconstruction", "specificity", and "sample determination" in optimally managing a crime scene. Therefore, research results showed the extent to which each of the components and major indices affected the optimal crime scene management. The most important applied recommendation of the research was concerned with the establishment of an effective coordination among actors engaged in investigating the crime scene.

In recent decades, the world witnessed immense developments and progresses in electronic technologies. Computers and the internet have become necessary tools which are affecting all individual and social dimensions of people's lives. With the increased influence of the internet in people's lives and in societies across the world, internet and computer crimes have also risen. The peculiar nature and characteristics of cybercrimes as including trans-national and global dimensions, an absence of global agreement around a unified legal definition of cybercrimes, rapid pace of such crimes being committed, lack of certain procedures on mutual cooperation and high prices incurred by the discovery of such crimes have caused judicial and police authorities to face serious challenges. Hence, determination of the nature and the growth rate of such crimes as well as its outcomes seem necessary. The studies done in various human science areas could be promising in this field. The current article, using gathered documents methods, is an introduction to cybercrimes and aims to explore this issue as well as related statistics. It will also review sociological theories provided in this regard and explain these crimes as well. The theories examined will be discussed in form of three general categories of social structure, social process and social reaction.

The consumption of liquor can be an origin of most violent crimes such as murder, rapes, armed robberies, etc., and consequently, causing considerable social abnormalities in the community; however, decisive fight against this sinister crisis has been always followed by serious challenges and obstacles which has assumed importance. Organized actions by smugglers in trafficking liquor are among the challenges in this regard, necessitating providing preventive guidelines and strategies to contain the smuggling of liquor. Hence, in the current article prevention strategies against organized actions by liquor smuggling have been identified and explored. This research fell in applied categories in terms of kind and goal and it was descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Accordingly, at first, the vey process of liquor smuggling has been explained and then, the components involved in it and the role of variables under study have been discussed, and finally, the status quo will be described and a conceptual model intended is going to be outlined. The research questionnaire has been developed as it contains two dimensions, five components and twenty nine questions on a Likert scale. The statistical population consisted of two groups of police experts and judicial experts and its volume included 40 people. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha estimation method was applied, where the reliability coefficient was obtained 876%. Analysis results indicated that all components dependent on both dimensions of social and situational preventing were among the necessities and guidelines to cope with organized measures in smuggling of liquor, and they need to be applied. However, universal education to promote people's awareness-raising, culture-building and reforming of economic problems in the community, especially for people along with full implementation of laws, assume importance. The final result of the research suggests that social prevention is preferred over situational prevention. Of course, to further the goals and to go through an ascending trend to achieve the objectives determined, it is necessary to simultaneous use all effective leverages.

Soft war is the newest strategy designed by the defeated enemies who intend, through it, to penetrate into the thinking coordinates of various people and to mobilize forces inside of the country to meet their goals. Of most effective bodies that guard order and security in containing various crises is police standing in the forefront of fight against the enemy. Therefore, it is essential to train all police forces and staffs so that they are made aware of enemy's goals and components of soft war. The present article which is the result of a scientific investigation in this regard has sought to substantiate or disprove the effects of training of police about social, cultural, political, religious, and economic goals of the enemy in the soft war and to deal with it as it has used descriptive-survey methods as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical population of the research consisted of 102 Police Command Staffs in the city of Baharestan (West of Tehran Police Command) who were investigated through a researcher made questionnaire. The findings obtained suggest that all five hypotheses were confirmed and it was shown that training of police is effective in the area of dealing with five components the enemies are seeking via the soft war. In this regard, the social component, scoring 18.96% and political component, scoring 17.58% assume more significance compared to other components. On the other hand, the results obtained indicated that the economic component or goal had the lowest effect rates in the soft war waged by the enemy against our country.

According to statistical data across the country and data of Kermanshah city, theft has been found to be the most important crime in terms of level of occurrence among crimes such as crimes against property or ownership. Therefore, to control the said crime, it is imperative to examine the criminal profile of this crime in terms of stolen properties characteristics, perpetrators and the victims. This research is aimed at exploring the criminal profile in the city of Kermanshah in order to exercise preventive measures for reducing this crime (Examination of theft based on stolen properties characteristics from 2007 to 2012). The current article falls under applied categories in terms of goal. In terms of administration, it is a descriptive-analytical study with a survey format. The statistical population of this research consists of theft crimes such as thefts which were committed during a five year old period in the city of Kermanshah. The data needed for the research was obtained from a set of existing statistics in police and judicial centers in a full tally form. The findings suggested that there was a significant relationship between hours, spatial and geographic location with the kind of theft in the said city. According to these findings, it became clear that the highest rate of carjacking occurred in the north of the city, robbery from private places in the central city and in the second half of the day ( 2-12p.m.), theft of car parts in the north of the city, motorcycle theft in the south of the city, burglary in the north of the city, shoplifting in the central city and state place thefts in the south of the city and in the early hours of the day (12-1 a.m.). Research results showed that outlining of the criminal profile of Kermanshah city will facilitate guidelines for preventing the commission of this crime while defining the situation of thefts within the determined time interval.

One of the missions of the neighborhood police is to largely cooperate with local bodies and citizens to maintain security in neighborhoods. The current research was aimed to "explore the social capital of security of Tehran's neighborhoods with a Neighborhood Security Approach". The methodology employed involved two documentary and survey (inventory) forms. The statistical population of this research consisted of District 16, Tehran with three police stations of Khazane Bokharaea, Naziabad and Javadye, and the sample volume included 400 citizens. The sampling procedure was performed via convenience random method. In the end, using Lisrel and SPSS software, data were analyzed and the inventory was described. Research results indicated that there was a direct relationship between social capital and security. The more social capital decreases in neighborhoods, the less security will be displayed, and vice versa; the more social capital, the more security in such neighborhoods. It was found out that public participation, was considered a kind of social capital and the more people cooperate with police forces in establishing security of their own neighborhoods, the more they will see their neighborhood security rising. It was also shown that citizens or local officials were doing all their best to cooperate with police forces to maintain peace and security. Also, public awareness and necessary education about local laws and regulations by the police force were found to have positive effects on establishing security in neighborhoods, and the citizens had full social trust in police force's performance to establish security.

In recent years, due to economic, social or trade conditions, labor environments have been subjected to discontent, tension and collective protest in form of gatherings, sit-in and so forth. This problem almost sometimes arises in Kerman, home to the highest number of mines including coal mines. This research was aimed to explore the trade factors affecting labor discontent in coal mines in the province of Kerman and has named most effective of which. The research starts with a main issue: what are the trade factors affecting labor discontent in coal mines in the years 2010-2013? and what are the appropriate guidelines for preventing from discontent? The methodology is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research consisted of 120 people, including 60 elites and labor experts in coal mines and 60 officials of labor unions in the province of Kerman, who were selected via full tally. Data were gathered through inventories on a Likert scale, and they were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and T test, Friedman variance analysis and single sample mean test. The final results indicated that in prioritizing trade variables affecting discontent, labor relations assume priority and after that, labor institutional factors, workforce and labor economics factors come next.