فصلنامه آمایش جغرافیایی فضا
پیاپی 8 (تابستان 1392)

Social capital has been considered as one of the most important social issues and potential of people power by many scholars. According to many experts، it is one of many factors that play a role in increasing the social capital of the community، religious people. This study examines the role of religion in social capital will be discussed. This is a comparative study between urban and rural areas and between the two communities in Kouhdasht city social capital and its effect on increasing religiosity is analyzed. This paper describes research methods - analysis and documentation methods for data collection and field use. Thus، a total of 400 questionnaires were collected and prepared in urban، rural areas، and Kouhdasht. For data analysis، it was performed using SPSS statistical software. Depending on the parameters of the Pearson correlation test was used to test and independent T-Test. Also in this study، the five dimensions of religiosity (intellectual، doctrinal، ritual، experiential and outcome) and social capital in four dimensions (trust، confidence، official، public participation and informal participation) has been studied. The results indicate that the religious dimensions of social capital، there are significant differences between urban and rural areas. The impact of religion on social capital in rural areas than urban areas is increasing.

The urban system and urbanization in Iran have influenced and changed deeply due to industrialization and the dominance of exogenous development policy which accompanied by the decline of agriculture. The obvious character of such transition was the urban oriented development and the increased hierarchical migration from small towns and villages towards large cities which provided a gradual change of traditional pattern of settlement hierarchical and urban spatial distribution. The region of Zagros with five provinces has a rich and old history of urbanization and high population density in the western part of the country; this area has experienced considerable changes in its human settlement distribution. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the urban system of the region. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical methods and the data were collected via secondary sources such as national censuses. The results showed that despite the growth of city size and the number of urban places، the region has no sign of primate city and there has been balance in the most of the censuses so that the primate city index only changed from 0. 171 to 0. 178. Also the de-concentration index of the region has decreased from 0. 765 in 1335 to 0. 750 in 1385 which illustrates that in general concentration increased in the area; however from 1375 the region has experienced urban concentration annually.

Higher education centers as a part of the active urban areas، including the potential cultural capacities، and presenting services in high levels of urban society are considered the best urban cultural spaces of sustainable development of urban culture، therefore understanding the dimensions and nature of higher education centers in the metropolisis very important. This study aimed to identify and analyze performance space higher education centers in promoting urban culture in the Tehran metropolitan represent the relationship between higher education centers and urbanization culture in the metropolitan. In this study، descriptive research and analytical method are based on two studies، library and athletic. Which two zone 3 and 19 of Tehran for the case study were selected and by distributing questionnaires to identify features and test assumptions were examined. The survey results show that there is a significant relationship between these two regions. to form the metropolis Tehran Higher education centers in urban culture sustainable development have influenced Tehran. But this relationship is stronger than region19is in district 3.

Zonation of different areas using appropriate methods is important for rural development and planning. In order to prepare the zonation mapping of the mountainous areas of Mazandaran province in this study، factors including elevation، slope، aspect، lithology، temperature، rain، and distance from river were used as information layers. After calculating frequency of the villages in each class of factors and determining their weight using information value model، the developed layers in ArcGIS were integrated and as a result the zonation map of the area was developed. For preparing the zonation map using the correlation model، the weight of each factor was calculated using the SPSS software and then was multiplied by the weight of the classes of each factor. Results show that elevation of 500-1000 meters، slope of 10-20 percents، the south direction، quaternary fluvial، temperature 10-15 degree centigrade، precipitation higher 800 millimeters and distance of 300 meters from rivers are appropriate for rural development. The evaluation of the models also showed that the information value model is more appropriate for zonation in the area.

Tourism is appeared as new industry due to the increase of people’s free time which is considered as an effective activity in all bases of development. Tourism has gone beyond in recent years and it has been stepped on to the new arena such as using and exploiting Geo-Tourism’s capabilities. Geo-Tourism has developed the role and importance of tourism more than before as a new and modern word in each country and all countries try to exploit sufficiently from this industry، and Iran hasn’t already been able to exploit from this industry sufficiently in spite of having remarkable potentials. Therefore، recognizing the attractions and Geo-Touristic capabilities keeping step with increasing the tourist’s motivations are considered by officials and administrations for visiting natural landscapes during recent years. By considering to this issue that attracting tourists with different cultures and ideas from all over the country in the coasts of Khazar sea causes social interactions and cultural communications with the people who reside in these regions، the impact of tourists in culture، traditions، dialects، and lifestyles، and livelihood، and in short cultural and spiritual symbols of the people of these regions has been considered during recent years. Thus، we are going to evaluate Geo-Touristic potentials and capabilities for presenting main strategies for achieving touristic sustainable development in Noshahr and Chalous. Research method of the current study is descriptive-analytic and it is a kind of an exploratory research and library study methods and the study of texts and contents of materials and also field methods such as questionnaire، interview، and observation have been used in general. The findings of research indicate that these cities can be raised as ecotouristic centers in the direction of the approaches of cultural sustainable development considering to the existing efficiencies and potentials in the studied area.

In recent decades، in order to confront with the sporadic development of cities as well as to revitalize the old textures of the city centers، the city managers have turned their attentions towards these parts of the cities. These recursive or Brownfield redevelopments make the cities closer to a stable development process. Developing city centers، demands a significant change especially in the density and land use. In general، the density and land use changes reflects a clear picture of the city. In this research work، by investigating the changes in these two indices، the process of brownfield redevelopment of a part of old texture’s north in Zanjan is studied. The time period for this study is 1996-2009. To this goal some basic data on land use changes and the issued construction licenses have been used. Using an analytical model (crosstab) to evaluate the step-by-step changes، the results indicate that the resulting city conditions reasonably coincide with indices of the Brownfield redevelopment. Due to some obstacles and problems، however، these developments have occurred under a slow pace in the mentioned part of the city.

Reliable estimations of flooding potential are extremely important for flood management in arid and semiarid regions without or lack of data. One of the most important methods in flooding potential estimation is curve number method (CN) of American Soil Conservation Service (SCS). In this research flooding potential and identifying of effective factors on flooding events at sub-catchments and hydrological homogeneous areas of Darrehshahr drainage basin has been studied and compared. In view of this، the study area classified to three homogenous cluster using cluster analysis. The curve number method was used to estimate runoff and maximum discharge of the sub-catchments and homogeneous clusters. The layers and data including land use، hydrological groups of soil، maximum 24 hours precipitation، the CN measures، infiltration (S)، runoff volume (Q) and maximum discharge (Q max) at each sub-catchment and hydrological homogeneous clusters were calculated. Finally، factor analyses based on 20 parameters were used to identify the effective factors on maximum discharge at sub-catchments and homogeneous clusters. The results showed two physiographic parameters (area and drainage density) in and six physiographic parameters (area، main stream length، sum of streams، basin drainage density، bifurcation ratio and time of concentration) at sub-catchments and hydrological homogeneous regions selected as effective parameters in flooding potential، respectively. In addition، at the hydrological homogeneous regions the parameters including forest area، pasture area and percent area of high infiltration formation were selected as highly loading factors. Therefore، we can conclude that the hydrological homogeneous clusters have higher accuracy than the sub-catchments in the estimation of flooding potential using CN method.

One of the subjects which most of the world cities are faced is natural disaster. The natural disaster have caused to 3 million people death and about 23 milliard dollars loss during 25 years ago to now. Therefore the necessity of decreasing the cites damage against natural disasters including earthquake is as the most important aim in urban planning and programming. So in this regard، the first step is to know the damageability of city regions against the earthquake. So this research has been done by knowing the damageable section in 3th zone of Isfahan city against the earthquake and with regard to crises management. In this research 7 indices like: «accessibility to health centers، the degree of enclosure، building density، population density، land usability، the age of building، and the quality of building» have been chosen and they have been studied by using of irreversible analysis a compounding the related drawings to mentioned indices in GIS environment. The results of this research show that more than 55 percent of section in 3th zone of Isfahan city has high damageability against the earthquake. Also the other results indicating that the sections with lower building density and lower population density have lower damageability and the section with high degree of enclosure and high building densities and population، have the highest and most amount of damaging.