Health and Development Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 2, 2017

Adolescence is a period in which many healthy and unhealthy habits are formed and will be extended to the later stages of life. Lifestyle effects health and many health problems can be solved by forming health-promoting habits in adolescence; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the health-promoting lifestyle among adolescent girls of Kerman in 2015.
This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 476 female high school students in Kerman in 2015. The participants were selected using multistage sampling. Data were collected using the standard Health Promoting Lifestyle II (HPLP-II) questionnaire including 52 items. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA via SPSS 20.
The average score of health-promoting lifestyle was 3.10±0.56. The participants obtained the highest average score in interpersonal relationships and the lowest score in physical activities. The results showed significant relationships between the average score of health-promoting lifestyle and different education levels (P The results showed that the health-promoting lifestyle score of female adolescent students was mediocre but the students did not have good physical activity. Therefore, health-promoting behaviors can be improved through designing and implementing programs to increase physical activity.

Medication adherence in patients with diabetes is one of the main factors in diabetic patients care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on medication adherence in patients with diabetes referred to a diabetes center in Zarand, Iran, in 2014.
This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 patients with diabetes. The patients were divided into two groups (intervention and control). Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic variables, constructs of HBM, and the Morisky self-report questionnaire. The intervention group were divided into 5 groups including 8-12 patients, and according to the HBM, education was performed in four 60-90 minute sessions during one month. One month after the intervention, data were collected again and analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression, and Mann–Whitney U test.
There was a significant difference in mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived efficacy, and cues to action between intervention and control groups after the intervention. Medication adherence was significantly related to the level of education (P=0.006). Among constructs of HBM, perceived self-efficiency was the strongest predicting factor (P=0.03). After the intervention, the mean scores of perceived sensitivity (P Education based on the HBM was effective in increasing adherence to medical instructions in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The negative behaviors and abuse of supervisory tasks have negative consequences for employees and organizations. One of these consequences is reduction of readiness for change and innovation capability in organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of readiness for change in the relationship between abusive supervision and innovative self-efficiency of employees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2015.
This is a cross-sectional study using path analysis. In this study, 216 employees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected using random sampling. The research questionnaires included abusive supervision, readiness for change, and innovative self-efficiency of employees that their reliability and validity were approved. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22, Lisrel 8.50, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and simple and multiple regressions.
The results showed that abusive supervision had a significant negative effect on different aspects of readiness for change (P Since innovation leads to changes in the organization; therefore, employees should be prepared for these changes in advance. This preparation can be increased or decreased by the supervision methods used by the managers and their supervisory behaviors.

Equitable distribution of healthcare resources is one of the main factors in improving the community's health level. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of development in the cities of Kerman province with a focus on health indicators.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population was all 23 cities of Kerman province in 2013. All indicators of accessibility to health care were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI). Taxonomy techniques were used to determine the degree of development in the cities, Shannon entropy techniques were used to determine the weights of indicators, and TOPSIS techniques were used to rank cities. Data was analysed by EXCEL.
According to taxonomy techniques, based on accessibility to health services among 23 cities, 9 were developed, 7 were semi-developed, and 7 were underdeveloped. According to Shannon entropy, the ratio of the number of pharmacists to the population of cities was the main indicator for determining the weight of development in the cities. According to TOPSIS, Ravar was ranked as the first and Arzoiyeh as the last one in terms of development.
There is inequitable distribution of resources, especially human resources with higher education. This is probabily due to the tendency of highly educated individuals to live in developed cities with high facilities. In addition, due to lack of proper medical facilities in disadvantaged areas, higher educated human resources refuse to live in such areas. Therefore, policy makers should allocate budjet and make political decisions based on development priorities.

Unhealthy lifestyle and inadequate physical activity in college can lead to overweight and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different body composition measures and anthropometric indices (body mass index and waist-hip ratio) in active and inactive male students in Zabol.
In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 370 male students of Zabol University were selected using random sampling method in 2013. Data were collected using a researcher-made demographic questionnaire and Beck’s physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ). Data were analyzed using t-test via SPSS 16.
The results showed that there was a significant difference in fat mass index (P=0.008), body mass index (P=0.01), and waist-hip ratio (P=0.04) between active and inactive male students of Zabol, but there was no significant difference in fat free mass index (P=0.693) between the two groups.
Anthropometric indices and some body composition measures in inactive students was significantly higher than those in active students. Besides resulting in physical deformities, this inactivity is a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases that can be prevented to a large extent by creating the culture of physical exercising in the universities.

Since the aim of health research is to improve the quality of community life, the results obtained from these research could be used in health policies and practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bibliometric and content analysis of research relevant to health education and promotion performed in Iran during 1998-2011.
This is a descriptive content analysis study. Data were collected from online databases (IranMedex, Medlib, SID, ISI, and PubMed), and all published articles relevant to health education and promotion in Iran up to the end of March 2011 were included in this study. In order to do content analysis a researcher-made checklist approved by experts was used for identifying the variables. Data was entered into SPSS 21 and descriptive statistics and percents were calculated.
From 1227 documents retrieved, 817 were published in Persian and 410 in English. A great share of retrieved documents belonged to the articles published in the scientific journals (87.4%). Mental health (10.7%), family planning and reproductive health (10.2 %), and chronic non-communicable diseases (10.2%) were the most frequent subject areas in research relevant to health promotion, respectively. Most of the studies were cross-sectional (52.1%), the most widely used method was simple random sampling (27.7%), and most of the studies were performed locally in provinces (83.7%).
Doing more studies by outlining the exact perspective of health promotion research in Iran and comparison of the current status of Iran with that of other countries are recommended.

The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health issues in primary school textbooks in Iran.
The contents of Iran primary school textbooks in the academic year 2014-2015 were assessed in accordance to oral health-related teachings. Oral health topics of 39 textbooks (pictures and texts) were retrieved and analyzed using content analysis method and presented by figures and tables.
In whole, 25 oral health-related lessons were found .The textbooks of the first grade contained the highest (10) and those of the fourth grade had the lowest (0) number of oral health lessons. Among Oral health-related issues, the largest number (12) of lessons was about tooth brushing, while prevention of gingival disease comprised the least number (1). Some important oral health issues such as the role of healthy teeth and gums in health of other parts of the body were not discussed in the textbooks.
According to this study, the potential of primary school textbooks in delivering oral health messages has been neglected in Iran. Taking the critical importance of school ages into account, incorporating health issues in textbooks should be more strongly emphasized.

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional problem in the world that has affected the physical and mental health of many adolescent girls. The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge and practice of secondary girl students of Birjand about iron deficiency anemia and iron supplementation in schools.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 on 300 girl students in the secondary schools of Birjand who were selected through cluster sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire containing demographic variables, 18 questions about knowledge and 7 questions for practice. Data were analyzed through SPSS18 and using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Mean scores of knowledge and practice of students were respectively 61.4±13.3 and 59.9±11 of 100. Knowledge of 13.3% of students and practice of 12% of them was good, while 25.7% of students had poor knowledge and 23.3% had poor practice. From all, 13.3% had not consumed iron tablets distributed at school. Knowledge of students showed a significant relationship with father's (P=0.013) and mother's education (P=0.009) and student's practice had a significant relation with father's job (P=0.01) and mother's education (P=0.0001).
Given the results of this study showing relatively poor awareness and practice of students; planning and implementation of educational programs to improve students’ knowledge and practice on anemia, prevention of iron deficiency and correct consumption of iron supplements, seems necessary.