فصلنامه مطالعات بین المللی پلیس
پیاپی 6 (تابستان 1390)

Parallel with development and evolution of communities, crimes are also changing. In this regard, internationalizing crime, becoming professional criminals, using new technologies in committing offenses and organized crimes as a new phenomenon are the significant manifestations of modern human civilization. Therefore, societie's responses against criminal phenomena have also developed so as to control crime. To reach this goal and also to underscore boosting of international cooperation in the field of fighting crime, the International Crime Police Organization, INTERPOL, is established. This Organization plats a pivotal role in police cooperation and mutual legal assistance. Extradition of criminals is the most important mission carried out by Interpol. Interpol's function in extradition of criminals is on two bases. First, Interpol as the organization-in- charge of extradition of criminals acts in accordance with its constitution and in an atmosphere of mutual legal assistance and policing cooperation. Due to the fact that Interpol does not enjoy the ruling qualification on International Official Criminal Justice entities like International Penal Court which has the capability of ruling imperative laws and executive guaranty, it merely plays the supplementary role. Having the International law follower's support of this entity and going in line with international penal Court are considered as its major executive suggestions. Second, Interpol's role in extradition of criminals is cooperation with other institutions which indirectly assist in extradition cases

In the international legal arena a legal entity means authorization of rights and duties for non-human subject. In the Law sciences, a legal entity enjoys rights, undertakes law obligations, does legal actions, files a lawsuit, gets under prosecution and is also in charge of its own acts.The Legal entity in each government depends on political, economic, social and systematic variables of the legal system. By authorization which is in possession of the government, law makers in internal regimes by considering social demands adopt some institutes as legal entities and then impose them on its ruling entities.Therefore, the International Criminal Police Organization, INTERPOL, as an inter-governmental organization may only have international rights if it enjoys an international legal entity. By increasing trends of Interpol functions and activities this article aims to clarify the issue of whether Interpol has an objective and inherent law capacity to enforce its international actions. The Interpol rights are limited to some goals, obligations and implied power included in its Constitution. Moreover, it aims to investigate the Interpol legal entity.

In recent years the focus of the international community has been increasingly on the activities of maritime pirates off the Coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden. The United Nations Security Council in its response to this phenomenon passed a resolution to give more power to those countries fighting against it. This is why in some cases a ship belongs to a firm in the first country, having a second country's flag, a third country's crews and a forth country's cargo, going through a fifth country's waterway to a sixth country's port. This fact shows how countries may get involved if this crime raises. Raising maritime piracy danger is a great menace to international growth. In this regard a two-day conference was hosted by Interpol Secretariat General on 19-20, 2010. In that conference maritime piracy was declared an organized crime. In this article, the author brings some explanations concerning this specific crime and remarks different dimensions of maritime piracy

Today, extradition of criminals in most countries is considered a security building subject, because escaping punishment is a natural trend and the accused commit every fraud to escape punishment. One of the simple ways to achieve this goal is to leave the country in which the crime is committed and to reside in another country. Doing so, judicial authorities are not able to detain, track and punish the accused person because according to The Principle of Territoriality one can trace, try and punish every accused person only where the crime takes place. The residing country does not have the right and capacity to investigate the committed crimes and to punish the accused person except through international regulations like extradition of criminals. This article aims to examine different methods of extradition of criminals.

Human trafficking is a form of human subjugation known today as "modern slavery", and has been on the increase for the past two or three decodes. This phenomenon results from a number of reasons and motivations created by the recent modernity and the new conditions of globalization. It was the main aim of this article to analyze such reasons & motivations for the occurrence of this crime, the bases for its intensification in recent decades, and also to investigate its social and personal challenges and its harms on victims. This article seeks to emphasize the fact that the principal reason for this Increase in human trafficking in recent decades us not merely a personal motivation but rather due to factors beyond the motivation for personal acts. As such, with the accumulation and more transparency of such motivation, various social vulnerabilities surface in societies. This is mainly because the operating system behind human trafficking is not a one-dimensional phenomenon without a certain mechanism but a covert and multi-dimensional one which abuses rationality to gain more benefit.This turns human trafficking into a major social issue for the removal of which it is essential to propose solutions that take into account such grounds & vulnerabilities

I.R. Iran in its trend in fighting drugs collaborates with international associations and regional countries, and in order to reflex its widespread actions and to acquire help and support of United Nations, have done a number of diplomatic activities. The main part of these activities include inviting related UN boards and authorities and accepting international institutions requests to visit Iran’s operations against drugs. Another part involves regional activities in cooperation with countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan as well as ECO members and middle Asia. This active diplomacy results in unanimity and the cooperation of the global community with I.R. Iran. Iran’s diplomacy has influenced international decisions and operations. On the other hand I.R. Iran in trend of coordination with related UN institutions has been influenced by collective decisions of the international community

Combating terrorism in the global community requires an international solution. This provides the ground for the creation of well-founded measures such as, agreements, treaties, international conventions and protocols. Useful steps have also been taken to establish international peace and security. In this regard, and with the purpose of combating terrorism, effective governmental measures under the general title of "common guarantees" have entered international law. It seems that in comparison with the past, more integrated movements have formed in an approach toward this struggle. This will prove fruitful, only when it is accompanied by continuous international cooperation. Although this is an essential movement at an international level, it does not seem sufficient. Thus, it is necessary to proceed with this movement until the removal of terrorism from the international scene.