فهرست مطالب

Nanomedicine Journal - Volume:4 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

Nanomedicine Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/04/18
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Mohammad Yahya Hanafi-Bojd, Legha Ansari, Fatemeh Mosaffa, Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei * Pages 135-141
    Objective(s)
    In chemotherapy for cancer treatment, the cell resistance to multiple anticancer drugs is the major clinical problem. In the present study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used as a carrier for epirubicin (EPI) in order to improve the cytotoxic efficacy of this drug against the P glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressing cell line.
    Materials And Methods
    MSNs with phosphonate groups were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of the prepared nanoparticles on drug-sensitive human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and drug-resistant cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR) was evaluated.
    Results
    The hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles was 98 nm and surface charge was negative. The viability of sensitive MCF-7 and resistant MCF-7/ADR cells after incubation with MSNs containing EPI at concentration of 5 μg/ml was about 75% and 44%. On the other hand, the viability of sensitive and resistant cells after incubation with free EPI at this concentration was about 48% and 60%, respectively.
    Conclusion
    These nanoparticles exhibited suitable drug efficiencies against drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells in in vitro experiments.
    Keywords: Epirubicin, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, Multi drug resistance, P-glycoprotein
  • Mitra Amoli-Diva, Kamyar Pourghazi * Pages 142-151
    Objective(s)
    Development of an oral sustained-controlled release vehicle which, slowly releases the drug and maintains an effective drug concentration for a long time is aimed.
    Materials And Methods
    A biodegradable magnetic polymeric drug delivery vehicle, using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulating by polyvinylpyrrolidone-block polyethylene glycol-block-poly methacrylic acid (PVP-PEG-PMAA) was developed for targeted and controlled delivery of rosuvastatin. The carrier was characterized by TEM, XRD, and FT-IR techniques.
    Results
    A typical carrier has about a 9 nm magnetite core, about 20 nm mean diameter with a narrow size distribution. The loading efficiency and pH-controlled release properties of the carrier were examined using a hydrophobic model drug rosuvastatin. Maximum loading efficiency of about 96% and a release amount of 90% of 12 hours were achieved at 37 oC in pH 1.2. While in pH 5.5 and 7.2, release amount of 25% and 37% were obtained respectively.
    Conclusion
    The results indicate that the prepared pH-responsive polymer which covalently coated around magnetic nanoparticles is an efficient carrier with good loading capacity and controlled release property.
    Keywords: Drug Delivery, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Nano-carrier, pH-responsive polymer, Rosuvastatin
  • Mohammad Rafienia *, Aliasghar Saberi, Elahe Poorazizi Pages 152-163
    Objecttive (s): Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) is among the most natural polymers which have interesting properties such as nontoxic nature, biodegradability and high resistance to bacterial attacks making it applicable for tissue scaffolds, protective clothing, and wound healing.
    Materials And Methods
    In the current work, PVA and Na-Alginate nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared using the electrospinning (ELS) technique in an aqueous solution. Also, (5% and 10%) addition of bioglass (BG) ceramic to the nanocomposite scaffold were investigated. The blended nanofibres are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), also the bioactivity evaluation of nanocomposite scaffold performed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions.
    Results
    The FTIR analysis indicated that PVA and Alginate may have H bonding interactions. The results revealed that with a higher amount of BG, a superior degradation as well as a higher chemical and biological stability could be obtained in the nanobiocomposite blend fibres. Furthermore, the blend nanofibre samples of 10% BG powders exhibit a significant improvement during bioactivity and mechanical testing.
    Conclusion
    The increasing water-contact angle on the polymer surface with decreasing PVA and Alginate content indicated that the scaffold were more hydrophobic than were PVA molecules. Also, In addition, the average diameter of fibers in the sample with 10% BG have the highest porosity compared to the other scaffold samples.
    Keywords: Alginate, Bioglass, Electrospinning, Polymer, Tissue engineering
  • Soroush Moasses Ghafary, Shadie Hatamie, Maryam Nikkhah, Saman Hosseinkhani * Pages 164-169
    Objective(s)
    Graphene as two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted wide attention in different fields such as biomedical imaging. Ultra-small graphene nano-sheets (UGNSs) have been designated as low dimensional graphene sheets with lateral dimensions less than few nanometres (≤ 500 nm) in one, two or few layers. Several studies have proven that the process of acidic exfoliation and oxidation is one of the most effective methods to synthesize low dimensional graphene sheets. The band gap of graphene can be changed through changing the reaction temperature resulting in different photoluminescent colors. The aim of our study is synthesis of multi-color photoluminescent UGNSs for biomedical imaging.
    Materials And Methods
    Two different UGNSs were synthesized from two different graphite sources via acidic treatment with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. The prepared UGNSs were characterized by UV-Vis, photoluminescent, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photoluminescence colors of the prepared UGNSs were detected under excitation wavelength of 470 nm using optical filters.
    Results
    The results showed that the graphite primary source is a determinant factor in the synthesis of different UGNSs. While altering reaction temperature didnt significantly change the emission wavelengths; however it affected their photoluminescent emission intensity.
    Conclusion
    Overall, nontoxic UGNSs synthesized by simple acidic treatment of graphite with different photoluminescent colors (green, yellow and red) can be a promising fluorescent probe for bioimaging.
    Keywords: Bioimaging, Graphite source, Photoluminescent, Ultra-small graphene nano-sheets
  • Ali Khorsand Zak * Pages 170-176
    Objective
    In this study we would like to report the synthesis of pure and group I element doping of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) prepared using gelatin. The use of natural polymers for the preparation of the pure and doped nanoparticles can result in achieving low cost and eco-friendly advantages.
    Materials And Method
    Pure and doped ZnO-NPs were obtained at 500 °C and The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Briefly, neuro2A cells were seeded at a density of 1×104 cells perwellin96-wellplatesand incubatedfor24h. Thereafter, the cells were treated with various concentrations of nanoparticles in the presence of 10% FBS.
    Results
    X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed wurtzite hexagonal structure for the prepared nanoparticles. No other peaks related to the other compounds are detected which indicate that the doped group one elements have been diffused into ZnO lattice. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the formation of most nanoparticles in nano scale. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on neuro2A cells show the non-toxic effect of concentration below ~250 μg/mL for pure and K doped ZnONPs and ~63 μg/mL for Li and Na doped ZnO-NPs.
    Conclusion
    The results show that the potentials of the prepared doped samples to be used in cancer treatments.
    Keywords: ZnO, Cytotoxicity, Zinc oxide, Doping
  • Ebrahim Karamian, Akram Nasehi, Saeed Saber-Samandari, Amirsalar Khandan Pages 177-183
    Objecttive (s): Silicate bioceramics like Baghdadite with chemical formula Ca3ZrSi2O9, has attracted the attention of researchers in biomedical field due to its remarkable in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivity and mechanical properties.
    Materials And Methods
    Therefore, in the current study the baghdadite powder with Sol Gel method was synthesized. Then, hydroxyapatite/Baghdadite (HA/Bagh) scaffolds were prepared by the replacing the polyurethane polymeric sponge technique. Afterwhile, the ceramic scaffolds were sintered at 1150ºC for 3 h. The prepared scaffold was then coated by polycaprolactone/bioglass (PCL/BG) polymer nanocomposite.
    Results
    Bioactivity and biomineralization in the simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed that the nanocomposite scaffolds coate with PCL/BG had significant bioactivity properties. The morophology and microstructure investigation of soaked samples in SBF indicate that bone-like apatite formed on the surfaces. Also, ion release in SBF containing the scaffolds was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The nucleation positions of apatite crystals were areas with high silicon containing, Si ion positions.
    Conclusion
    The study indicates that scaffold containing 30 wt. % baghdadite had proper bioactivity behavior due to its ability to form bone-like apatite on the surface of specimens.
    Keywords: Coating, Nanocomposite, Polymer, Polyurethane polymeric sponge technique, Scaffolds
  • Saba Pirtarighat, Maryam Ghannadnia *, Saeid Baghshahi Pages 184-190
    Objective(s)
    To evaluate the biosynthesis of Ag NPs using plant extract of Melissa officinalis (at the eight leaf stage) grown under in vitro (controlled) condition for the first time.
    Materials And Methods
    Biosynthesis of Ag NPs using plant extract was carried out and formation of Ag NPs confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The functional groups of compounds adsorbed on the Ag NPs were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscop (FTIR) studies. The antibacterial activity of the Ag NPs was investigated by agar disc diffusion method.
    Results
    The plant extract showed color change in extract from yellow to brown after formation of Ag NPs. The surface Plasmon resonance found at 450 nm confirmed the formation of Ag NPs. FESEM images revealed relatively spherical- shaped of Ag NPs. The biosynthesized Ag NPs were crystalline in nature with mean diameter about 34.64 nm. FTIR results expounded the functional groups of plant extract responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ions and their interaction between them. The obtained nanoparticles showed good inhibitory activity against the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
    Conclusion
    These results suggested that with changes in plants culture condition it may be possible to obtain nanoparticles with desired characteristics.
    Keywords: Bactericidal effects, Biosynthesis, In vitro culture, Melissa officinalis, Silver nanoparticles
  • Abbas Pardakhty, Mohammad Mehdi Foroughi, Mehdi Ranjbar * Pages 191-196
    Objective(s)
    Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity. Nanoparticles have enabled significant advances in pre-clinical cancer research as drug delivery vectors. Inorganic nanoparticles such as CdO/GrO nanoparticles have novel optical properties that can be used to optimize the signal-to-background ratio. This paper reports on a novel processing route for preparation of CdO/GrO nanolayer and investigation of its optical properties for application in in vivo targeting and imaging.
    Materials And Methods
    Nanostructures were synthesized by reacting cadmium acetate and graphene powder. The effects ofdifferent parameters such as power and time of irradiation were also studied. Finally, the efficiency of CdO/GrO nanostructures as an optical composite was investigated using photoluminescence spectrum irradiation. CdO/GrO nanostructures were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
    Results
    According to SEM images, it was found that sublimation temperature had significant effect on morphology and layers. The spectrum shows an emission peak at 523 nm, indicating that CdO/GrO nanolayer can be used for in vivo imaging.
    Conclusion
    The estimated optical band gap energy is an accepted value for application in in vivo imaging using a QD–CdO/GrO nanolayer.
    Keywords: CdO-GrO, Hexagonal nanostructures, In vivo targeting, Optical investigation