فهرست مطالب

Nanomedicine Journal - Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

Nanomedicine Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/07/22
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Abbas Akhgari *, Zahra Shakib, Setareh Sanati Pages 197-207
    Nowadays, polymer nanofibers have gained attention due to remarkable characteristics such as high porosity and large surface area to volume ratio. Among their fabrication methods, electrospinning technique has been attracted as a simple and reproducible approach. It is a versatile, simple and cost-effective technique for the production of continuous nanofibers with acceptable characteristics such as high porosity, high surface area to volume ratio, high loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency, delivery of multiple drugs, and enhancement of drug solubility. Due to these properties electrospun nanofibers have been extensively used for different biomedical applications including wound dressing, tissue engineering, enzyme immobilization, artificial organs, and drug delivery. Different synthetic and natural polymers have been successfully electrospun into ultrafine fibers. Using electrospun nanofibers as vehicles for oral drug delivery has been investigated in different release manners- fast, biphasic or sustained release. This article presents a review on application of electrospinning technique in oral drug delivery.
    Keywords: Nanofiber, Electrospinning, Drug delivery, Polymer
  • Nagarajan Arumugam*, Boobalan Thulasinathan, Rajarajeswari Pasubathi, Kavitha Thangavel, Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam, Arun Arunachalam Pages 208-217
    Objective(s)
    To study the antimicrobial property of green synthesised silver nano metals with M.balbisiana, A.indica and O.tenuiflorm and their enhanced antibacterial activity, assessment of antimicrobial effect. And to explore the possible mechanism of AgNPs synthesis in the active constitutions of selected temperate plant extracts
    Materials And Methods
    Biosynthesis of AgNPs using plant extract was carried out and formation of AgNPs confirmed by perceptible observation, UV spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the AgNPs.
    Results
    Screening of the M.balbisiana, A.indica and O.tenuiflorm extracts was carried out using standard methods to find their constitutions. The antibacterial screening was carried out by agar well diffusion method against selected microorganisms. The absorption maxima of UV visible spectrum found in the range between 300 nm to 800 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. SEM images revealed relatively spherical shaped of AgNPs of biosynthesized AgNPs with mean diameter about 14.51±1.5nm in O.tenuiflourum, 09.10±1.50nm M.barbisiana and 11.00±1.50 in A indica. FTIR results expounded the functional groups of plant extract responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ions and their interaction between them.
    Conclusion
    These results showed with changes in plants constituents are may be responsible to form nanoparticles with different size and characteristics
    Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract, Medicinal Plant Extract, Musa balbisiana (Banana), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Black Tulsi), Silver nanoparticles
  • Mitra Amoli-Diva *, Maryam Daghighi Asli, Shahla Karimi Pages 218-223
    Objective(s)
    For cancer cells, an efficient and selective drug delivery vehicle can remarkably improve therapeutic approaches. This paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic MnFe2O4 NPs and their incorporation in a dual temperature and pH-responsive polymer, which can serve as an efficient drug carrier.
    Materials And Methods
    MnFe2O4 NPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique and coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and modified with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). Then, it was used in the reaction medium during the synthesis of a temperature and pH-responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinyl acetate-co-methacrylic acid). The prepared vehicle was characterized by FESEM, XRD, VSM, and FT-IR. Letrozole was used as a model drug and its loading and release and LCST of the vehicles were evaluated.
    Results
    The results for LCST measurements reveal that the phase transition of polymer occurs at temperatures in the range of 37-40 ºC which is in the range of body conditions. Results for loading efficiency shows that maximum loading occur in about 10 h. The loading % for nano-carrier was lower than plain polymer which was due to lower polymer content in the nano-carrier with the same weight compare to the plain polymer. The results for drug release showed that the release of letrozole in pH 1.2, 5.5 and 7.2 was about 80, 45 and 35% for plain polymer and 81, 56 and 50% for the nano-carrier respectively.
    Conclusion
    The results indicate that the prepared magnetic nano-carrier can be a suitable candidate for site-specific and controlled anti-cancer delivery through oral administration.
    Keywords: Letrozole, Drug delivery, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, Dual responsive polymers
  • Saied Kamal Sadat-Hoseini, Valiollah Dabidi Roshan * Pages 224-231
    Objective(s)
    Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the major side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and the advantages accruing fromexercise and some medicinal herbs in mitigation of these toxic side effects is well documented. But so far, the effects of exercise in combination with medicinal nanoparticles on oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling simultaneously, in liver tissue are unknown. Hence, we investigated whether Treadmill Runningin combination with Nanocurcumin protects the liver tissue against these toxic side effects (oxidative stress and apoptosis) simultaneously of DOX treatment in aging rats induced by D-galactose.
    Materials And Methods
    Fifty-six Wistar male rats received a daily injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) then randomly assigned to 7 sub-groups. The training protocol included treadmill running progressively between 25 to 54 min/day and 15 to 20m/min, 5 days/week for six weeks. DOX (1 mg⋅mL−1⋅kg−1⋅day−1) was administrated intraperitoneally for 15 days and Nanocurcumin was administrated orally for 2 weeks (100 mg/kg/day).
    Results
    Nanocurcumin Consumptionled to insignificant increase in SOD, MDA and insignificant decrease in AIF levels. Treadmill runningled to insignificant increase in SOD and insignificant decrease in AIF and MDA levels. The combination of Treadmill runningand Nanocurcumin led to significant decrease in MDA and insignificant increase in SOD and insignificant decrease in AIF levels.
    Conclusion
    In conclusion, Treadmill runningexerciseand Nanocurcumin partly mitigates the toxic side effects of DOX treatment. But this amount of treatment does not play a required role against DOX-induced hepatic damage.
    Keywords: Oxidative stress, Apoptosis, Nanoparticles, Physical Activity, Animal models
  • Shabnam Golbui Daghdari, Malahat Ahmadi *, Habib Dastmalchi Saei, Ali Asghar Tehrani Pages 232-236
    Objective(s)
    Bacterial infection is an important cause of delayed wound healing. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the main agent causing these infections. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have antibacterial activity and also accelerate the wound healing process. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on bacterial load reduction of the wound infection.
    Materials And Methods
    Broth dilution method was used to determine MIC. The MIC of ZnO nanoparticles was determined 125 μg/ml. ZnO nanoparticles had a bacteriostatic effect against S. aureus and inhibited bacterial growth in in vitro. Thirty six mice were prepared and divided into three groups. Skin wound created on the back of all of them, the bacterial suspension (106 CFU of S. aureus) inoculated to each wound site and finally, three groups were treated with 40 μl of ZnO nanoparticles, tetracycline, and normal saline respectively.
    Results
    Superficial and depth bacterial load were determined on days 7, 14, 21. The results showed that bacterial load reduction of ZnO nanoparticles group was significantly different with the negative control group (p
    Conclusion
    The present results showed that the topical application of ZnO nanoparticles is very effective in the bacterial load reduction. Based on our findings the ZnO nanoparticles may reduce the bacterial load of wound infection so will accelerate the wound healing.
    Keywords: Bacterial load, Staphylococcus aureus, Wounds infection, Zinc oxide nanoparticls
  • Fatemeh Oroojalian, Hosein Orafaee, Majid Azizi * Pages 237-244
    Objective(s)
    Development of a nanobiosystem by using plant essential oils with green synthesized silver nanoparticles that present synergistic antibacterial activity for overcoming antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
    Material and
    Methods
    Essential oils (EOs) of Kelussia odoratissima and Teucrium polium extracted by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then leaf aqueous extract of K. odoratissima prepared and used for green synthesise of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). The oils, and the colloidal preparations of silver nanoparticles, were then subjected to microdilution technique using ELISA reader to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The type of interaction between EO and SNPs was also determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index and isibologram type.
    Results
    GC-MS analysis of K. odoratissima EO showed (Z)-ligustilide, (Z)-3-butylidene-phthalide, limonene and β-phellandren as main constiuents, while T. polium EO has β-caryophylene, germacrene D, γ-cadinene, (Z)-nerolidol, camphor, β-pinene, α- camphene, linalool and α-humulene. T. polium EO has more potent antibacterial property at MIC of 0.16-1.25 mg/ml compared to K. odoratissima (MIC of 0.3-2.5 mg/ml). Silver nanoparticles showed a potent antibacterial property (MIC of 0.006-0.025 mg/ml), and its colloidal suspension with plant EOs revealed a pathogen-dependent synergistic and additive effect based on calculated fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi).
    Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Biogenic Silver nanoparticles, Essential oils, Medicinal plamts
  • Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Faranak Dehghani, Nafiseh Farhadian, Mohammad Karimi, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh * Pages 245-253
    Objective(s)
    Sesame oil is a lipophilic compound and has low aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. It is possible to enhance sesame oil solubility in aqueous media by applying the microemulsion system in the form of oil-in-water. In this study, the anti-cholesterol and anti-Apoptotic effects of a new combination of sesame oil and honey in a microemulsion form for cardiac muscle cells Apoptosis treatment were investigated.
    Materials And Methods
    Two different formulations were prepared. Tween 80 was used as the main surfactant in both formulations. In the first formulation, glycerin was applied as co-surfactant. Span 80 was applied as a mixed surfactant in the second formulation.
    Results
    Characterization results showed that the average size of droplets of microemulsion samples were in the range of 16.6±0.1-64.6±0.2 nm with a poly dispersity index (PDI) value of less than 0.5. No turbidity and phase sedimentation were observed in certain samples in a period of 6 months after the preparation, which confirmed the high stability of samples. The in-vivo results in Wistar male rats with heart failure showed that applying sesame oil and honey in the microemulsion form caused a significant reduction in the Apoptosis level. In addition, favorable therapeutic effects for microemulsion administration was observed in comparison to the Atorvastatin drug consumption. Furthermore, the protective effect of microemulsion dosage was more obvious with increasing the oil percentage and adding honey as a hydrophilic additive.
    Conclusion
    Results confirmed that the new formulation containing sesame oil and honey as natural components with nano particle size could be useful for cardiac muscle cells Apoptosis treatment.
    Keywords: Sesame oil, Microemulsion, Apoptosis, Cardiac muscle cells, In-vivo performance
  • Behrooz Aghajani *, Ebrahim Karamian, Behnam Hosseini Pages 254-261
    Objective(s)
    Silicate bioceramics containing Zn and Ca like hardystonite (Hr) with chemical formula Ca2ZnSi2O7 has attracted the attention of researchers in biomedical field due to its remarkable biological and mechanical properties. The new generation of bioceramics can applied in bone tissue engineering to substitute with infected bone. However, these zirconium-silicate bioceramics have proper features; they can be used as additive with calcium phosphates (CaPs) like hydroxyapatite (HA). These composite may enhance the weak properties of pure HA powders.
    Materials And Methods
    In the current study, the Hr powder with sol-gel method was synthesized. Then, hydroxyapatite-hardystonite (HA/Hr) scaffolds with various amount of Hr in HA (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt. % ) were prepared by the replacing the polyurethane polymeric sponge technique. Then, the ceramic scaffolds were sintered at 1150ºC for 3 hours. The result of the scaffold nanocomposite specimens were tested for compressive strength and bioactivity behaviour. The phase and morphology of the specimens were analysis with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques.
    Results
    The bioactivity, sinterability and compressive strength (CS) properties of HA-Hr scaffold nanocomposite has been developed by addition of 15 wt. % Hr in HA matrix. The results showed the scaffold nanocomposite containing 15 wt. % Hr have the highest value of CS which is equal 1.21 MPa. Our data indicate that Hr ceramics possess proper mechanical properties as compared to pure HA, and may possess good biocompatibility in biological analysis.
    Conclusion
    The study indicates that scaffold containing 10 wt. % Hr had proper bioactivity behaviour which leads the scaffolds surface to form bone-like apatite on the surface of scaffolds.
    Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Hardystonite, Nanocomposite, Scaffolds, Tissue Engineering