فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 23 (تابستان 1396)

Modeling tools describe the real world complex problems well and might help analysts to explore constructive solutions for resolving the problems. In this paper, competition between malware authors and security analysts is modeled and analyzed, using Graph Model for Conflict Resolution which is a comprehensive methodology in a non-quantitative non-cooperative perspective of game theory. This methodology has two main steps: Modeling and Analysis. After removing infeasible combinations, 15 states which are possible to occur in reality, are studied in the modeling phase. Then, the ordinal preferences of the players over the states are represented. Various solution concepts are employed in this research for stability definition. Stability analysis shows that two states are predicted to be equilibria. The predicted outcomes indicate that malware authors employ environment diagnostics and security analysts use system event monitoring along with global system state anomaly detection. Recent evidences are in conformity with the finding of this research.

Since the last decade, the international community witnessed the influence of the BRICS emerging powers in the world affairs. Bloc BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), hold a pioneering role in the emerging world order, and hence, is considered to act as a key actor in the future international order. this paper study and elaborate on BRICS endeavors for challenging the current world order, which is currently based on the western dominance, and transforming it into a multi-polar order. In particular, we are interested in the fundamental question on how BRICS may gainfully impact the new world order in the future. In this respect, the foundings of reaserch have been shown that BRICS, as an international political actor, major factor in changing the international agenda and transforming the unipolar world order into a multi-polar order. This, in particular results in a new paradigm in the dynamics of the liberal world. Some believe that Some argue that the balance of power is an old metaphor that we can not analyze the phenomena of the twenty-first century. Nevertheless, the current study concludes that the actions of BRICS in the international stage can be interpreted as a soft balancing of power, that confronts the will of western under the united states leadership. Also The question and the hypothesis of this research have been tested following descriptive and analytical research methodologies, in accordance to the available related literature.

Global communication and information has caused the pertinent phenomena and relations to be fundamentally changed. So the "Globalization" process as a comprehensive factor which has characteristics such as the advent of "electronic global village", "information revolution","universal awareness development", "human self-awareness promotion", and "end of geology and beginning of cybernetics era" can have effects on economy, politics, culture, and etc. Cities have a mutual effect as well. These changes are the main factor in "international relations" and "diplomacy" as the international relations do not specifically include the intercommunication between government-nations. The present article is aimed at ‘‘what kind of relation is between globalization and cities relations on the one hand and the international relations with government-nations on the other hand?’’ This article assumes whenever global structures are being changed, the diplomacy will be changed as well. In this descriptive-analytic research, we are going to express the main assumption, ‘‘the international relations in a general ratio with globalization revolution is moving toward parallel diplomacies like city diplomacy, and it has moved from mere government-official nations level toward non-governmental overlapping performances and it has established reciprocal or multiple relations’’.

Now with regard to the micro and macro command policy in Iranian banking industry, the service quality in many cases has been to customer oriented levels, so, banks will have to give the most attention to their customer’s needs, opinions and complaint related to their banking services and know that in banking affairs, the customer's voice is the voice that shaped its policies. As a result, the aim of this study was to develop a strategic model factors to attract customers sample. This study is a descriptive- correlation applied research which its data was collected by standard questionnaire. The research population was consist of sample customers in the banking industry of Iran which was included of 2650 people. To obtain this sample, two-stage cluster sampling was used. 2650 questionnaire distributed in the mentioned community that the 2500 questionnaire was returned and leaving aside the incomplete questionnaires, 2428 questionnaires were analyzed so the return rate of questionnaires was estimated as 91.6 percent. For the questionnaire data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equation model was used. Bank confidence was the most influential factor in attracting and keeping customers and samples. Service quality Perception, employee performance satisfaction, electronic banking satisfaction, internet banking image and perceived value, respectively, had minimal impact on attracting and retaining customer’s sample.

In the general policies of (change in the education system) has been emphasized on the maintenance and applying optimize staffing requirements and context to attract and retain competent teacher and necessary training, educational and moral qualifications to managers. For this purpose, this study used qualitative research approach to study of factors affecting the retention of talent in secondary school education in the city of Ardabil. The data analysis technique theme was used and the validity of the research findings ensured by the review of members, peer review, participatory research. In addition, retest reliability methods and intersubjective agreement used to assess the reliability of coding. Research findings showed that factors affecting the retention of talent can be divided into two categories: organizational and occupational factors. The organizational factors include teamwork, organizational culture, providing opportunities for growth and prosperity, information management and communication, organizational climate, empowerment, training and development, school leadership, performance management, training Need assessment, clear mission and vision, appreciation and encouragement and occupational factors including job status, job satisfaction, and employee job fit, career mobility and quality of working life.

Dou to the potential role of National Information Network (NIN) on cultural policy of national cyberspace, the status of this project in Iran’s cultural policy upstream documents has been studied in this paper. The study has focused on the Cultural needs arising from the polcies that points out the necessity of Design and Implementation of NIN and its potential role to achieve cultural goals and policies especially in the field of Information Communication Technology (ICT). The importance of this study is to display the project's supporting documents and policies. The policies that has been studied in the research among sixteen upstream documents can be summarized in six parts: policies related to utilizing opportunities of cyberspace and protection from its threats. Policies in support of Iranian software and hardware capacities. Policies associated with networked society development and creating fair and equal chances for everyone to access network-based services. Policies in relation with leadership and strategic management of cyberspace at the national and international levels. And finally policies on establishment of a comprehensive system of information and communication in the country. The whole of these policies point out the importance of establishing the national information network on the one hand; and on the other hand indicate its main role to implement Iran’s cultural policy in cyberspace by providing required infrastructure.

Iran is among the few countries which seek to achieve their ideal political landscape and cultural policies.The aim of this paper is to identify and recognized indices Iranian political culture and the Islamic Republic of Iran is in the middle.
Methodology in this research is the combination of (quantitative - qualitative). The population consisted of 54 professors and political pundits of Political science departments of public and Azad universities in Tehran and Alborz. In this research, sampling method was done purposefully and quite improbable. The data collection instruments have been formed of researcher made questionnaire with propositions derived from a literature review and Delphi interviews of experts. Questionnaire validity is confirmed as face and content, and its reliability was emphasized by experts through Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive and inferential statistics and Q factor analysis.
According to the findings of this research, the political culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be seen in three dimensions: macro, medium and micro and elements of western, traditional, Islamic, interaction between the government and the people, individual and elites proposed and presented 73 separate indicators.
The results showed that with majority vote of experts can be presented the indicators of participation in the elections, emphasizing ethnic and religious values, philosophy expected and advent of the savior, interventionist role and government involvement in institutions and organizations, extremism, reproduction of religious and political principles as the priorities of Iran's political culture.

Implementation of best practices utilization of Renewable Energy (RE) sources in developing countries by bilateral or multilateral funding of developed countries in the collaborative business ventures form causes to penetrate in supply energy system.Therefore, in this paper, a collaborative business venture model- similar to domestic oil contracts- has been presented that accelerated diffusion RE technologies in Iran. The RE proposed model has three main sections and in each section, roles of different organizations were determined. This process should be managed by Iran Central Government and various factors are effective in this process. In addition to, scenarios of international organizations of renewable energy has been investigated and effective parameters were applied in proposed model. Results were shown that reform of energy carriers’ price is driving force in model and has main role in competitiveness with RE.On the other hand, this reform program cause to assurance of RE international organizations profit and reinforce in proposed business venture model.

Iran Gasoline imports between years 2012 to 2016 shows an increasing trend after 5 years of decrease. Amount of refinary products was not remarkably increased during the period. Besides, implementation of "Subsidies Reform Act" was stopeed at 2012 and 2013. After that, in spring 2015, rationing of gasoline was terminated after 8 years. Also, increasing rate of CNG substitution was stopped in light-transportation section. These factors together led to a remarkable increase in gasoline imports between 2012 to 2016. Knowing that fuel is a kind of essential goods and remembering that US imposed oil-products sanctions on Iran in summer 2010, it is necessary to control the rise of gasoline imports. As the first step, the amount of domestic production of gasoline should be increased, with the priority of "Persian-Gulf Star" refinary. On the other hand, fuel-conservation policies to control gasolin demand are to be pursued. Besides, CNG share in fuel consumption decomposition should be enhanced. At last, improvement of public transportation can help reducing gasoline demand leading to a reduction in gasoline imports.

National Innovation System (NIS) approach, that consists of different functions and institutions regarding scientific and technological development of countries, is a good approach for analyzing science, technology and innovation and proposing comprehensive policies and initiatives for enhancing innovation in a country. A review of Iran’s status at innovation indices reveals that we have a relatively bad position regarding our region countries and our Vision 1404 goals. Management of technology and Science and technology policy experts always look for an opportunity to express their views and suggestions about improving innovation and technology development status. So, we held panels with these experts to explore their views and experiences and suggest some policies for addressing science and technology challenges. In this report, we first have look at Iran’s science, technology, innovation (STI) and economic indices, then, based on "National Innovation System" approach, describe Iran’s NIS challenges and propose some policies and initiatives for removing barriers.

The treaty of Vestfalia was in 1648 CE and then Vienna congress in 1815 CE were turned out the base of international relation. The Ministry of Affairs is one the first four ministries in Iran that King Fath Ali decided to establish on his return from his first trip to Europe. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established on 1200 SY, corresponding to 1227 LY, and, 1821 CE. It's first constitution was composed some seventy years later by Mirza Saeed Khan Motamen-ol-Molk , one of the best choices of Amirkabir. This constitution, came to be known as the Charter today, has endured an evolutionary process in another seventy years, undergone five rounds of partial and general amendments, and, finally was approved in the then by-chambers houses of Senate and Shora in 1352 SY. This Charter, called the "Organizational, Recruitment, Financial, and Disciplinary Regulations", is now enforced by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The present essay investigates the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the role it's executive arm, that is ambassadors and embassies, could have in foreign policy approach.

In what ways are the laws that govern the new Economies differ from that of the old? To be sure, we still face the economics of scarcity. But just as the importance of land in production changed dramatically as the economy moved from agriculture to industry, so too does the movement to a knowledge economy necessitates a rethinking of economic fundamentals. Knowledge is different from other goods: it has many of the central properties of a public good, indeed of a global public good.While government has a key role in protecting all property rights, its role in intellectual property rights is far more complicated: the appropriate definition of these rights is not even obvious. And in the knowledge economy, the dangers of a monopolization are perhaps even greater than in industrial economies. These are but three examples of the ways in which the role of government in the knowledge economy may differ markedly from that in the industrial economy with which we have become familiar over the past century.