فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 26 (بهار 1397)

Cultural industries are those industries whose main functions are to create, produce, and commercialize themes with cultural nature in the form of products or services, and include industries like computer games, toys, publication, fashion and clothes. Given cultural, social, economic and even defensive importance of cultural industries, these industries play an important role in different aspects of national development.
Despite different functions of cultural industries, statistics show that there is a gap between current and desired status in their different branches. Bridging this gap requires developing desired status for these industries and designing and developing a set of policies and strategies to achieve it. One of the requirements for developing effective vision and strategies for cultural industries is to identify current and desired approaches regarding them.
The primary question of this paper is: “what are the current approaches regarding national cultural industries, and what are the desired approaches?”
The method used in this paper was identifying possible or alternative approaches to cultural industries by literature review, and then identifying current and preferred approaches by surveying cultural industries stakeholders with a close-ended questionnaire. Cultural industries innovation system model was used to identify stakeholders. Finally, the research methodology, survey questions and results were validated through in-depth interview with 5 cultural industries experts and the alternative approaches were modified accordingly.
Survey results analysis shows that "controlling, defensive and security" approaches are currently dominant regarding national cultural industries; however desired approaches, in order of importance, should be economic, social, and political.

In developing countries, one of the challenges of higher education is internationalization of universities. The main purpose of this paper is the feasibility of internationalization of public universities in Tehran. Shahid Beheshti University and Tehran University in Tehran city as a sample of the public universities were selected. The research method is descriptive- analytic. The samples are selected from among managers, faculty members, staff and students as cluster random sampling. A total of 261 people are selected as the participants of the study using stratified sampling method. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire. To examine reliability of measure, Cronbach alpha coefficient is used (0.90). To analyze data, descriptive statistics (mean¡ standard deviation and percent) and inferential statistics (kolmogorov - smirnov tests, one -sample t-test) are used .The results indicate that the average possibility of internationalization of public universities in Tehran is less than the average and assumed mean.

The aim of this study is to identify and explain evidence-based policy making process in the science, research and technology area The aim of this study is to identify and explain evidence-based policy making process in the science, research and technology area; Evidence-based policy making is an appropriate approach to optimize policy-making system. The research approach is Qualitative; data through interviews with experts of the field of Science and Technology are collected and for analyzing data has been used thematic analysis. Based on the findings, the mechanism of evidence-based policy-making process in this area can be classified into three categories of factors; Individual, institutional and contextual level mechanism; Individual level are included promoting the expertise and knowledge of policymakers and take advantage of ideas of experts. Contextual factors are the evaluating previous studies and researches and policies, mass media; and institutional mechanisms are activation Professional Association of Scientific, create think tanks, reviewing policy making institutions.

Islamic unity is a concept that has been always presented and reread by Islamic scholars in the light of dichotomy of sectarianism and secularism in order to solve the problem of despotism and colonialism and finally, faced with inefficiency.
Imam Musa Sadr, with a focus on the concept of religion in the service of man, has presented and performed practically in a plural society, efficient, democratic and non-secular model of the concept of unity, that we have studied according to the remains of him in this essay. The model that can use it for making national and international unity of Islamic countries.
Imam Musa Sadr, with a focus on the concept of religion in the service of man, has presented and performed practically in a plural society, efficient, democratic and non-secular model of the concept of unity, that we have studied according to the remains of him in this essay. The model that can use it for making national and international unity of Islamic countries.

The beginning of the development process in Iran and the need for further progress to the moment of Abbas Mirza's inquiry after the defeat of the tsarist Russian military army during the Qajar period. After the question was raised, the idea began to be born, and, in the middle of this past Iranian history, nothing but deterioration and defeat, Iran is in retardation compared with the West, and only by taking steps in the development process and attaining Progress, the failed Iran's forgotten past, and a brilliant future will take shape. The question that arises here is whether development does not necessarily lead to progress, or through development, in particular the development of the maximum and with all possible speed, the historical backwardness of a product of a long term? The hegemonicization of the idea of deterioration after the question of Abbas Mirza has led to a neglect of the other side of the development of the Janosi face; in this article, we intend to cite the concept of development in Iran through the use of Walter Benjamin's (1940-1892) thinking and, in conclusion, We will note that development is not necessarily due to the history of contemporary Iranian life, but destruction has been an integral part of development and its process in Iranian experience, which is often referred to in the official discourse, especially the discourse governing the knowledge system. Can not be

By changing approach of states from welfare states to regulatory states and forcing regulations to different areas, the role of national regulatory bodies would be very important. Though in some areas such as new media, this step is changed and enters to the governance but the roles of the national regulatory body is so important. By emerging Convergence phenomena and blurring the boundaries between media, telecomm and Information Technologies, there are some approaches for national regulatory Bodies. In this paper, after reviewing related literatures and different models, an appropriate model for national regulatory body of new audiovisual media is presented by robust decision making method. All data for analysis is gathered by panels of experts and representatives of stakeholders in the audiovisual media area. Results show that convergent regulatory body which is independent from current players and independent policy maker and public participation in regulation would be appropriate and robust in regards to future of audiovisual media in Iran.

It much has been said on the situation of disabled persons and domestic and international standards governing this field. But there is a palpable emptiness in the field of urbanization and strategic policies prevailing in this sector. It would be far more important finds that we accept people with disabilities or retarded people are respectable citizens and they have right to full citizenship and equal rights with others. But the fact that it is although measures have been taken in the field of international law and domestic law and the various rules concerning the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, but social status of citizens of the spectrum is taken into the abyss due to the absence of serious and collective will for implementing and supervising the implementation of the rules. The present paper reviews the evaluation of laws and regulations in the field of urban development related to the Status of Persons with Disabilities and the strategic policies in the legislation in this field.

Today due to extensive and increasing communications between countries and nations relations and foreign policy plays a determin
Among the effective factors in forming the foreign policy of all countries¡including the Islamic republic of Iran which has been paid attention to less "social resources”. Theories of international ing role in their fatesrelations to several Explaining group, discourse and developmental divisions. The Origin of Theory or Constructivism, On the Role of Resources and Social Identity In the formation of interests and then, the creation of the behavior of nations is emphasized.
In this article¡the writers using constructivism theory by the descriptive-analytical method as well as the collecting of material in library form and using electronic resources have found that because the social resources effective in that identity¡foreign policy has evolved in such a way that ¡the foreign policy axes of the Islamic republic of Iran have been different to each other.

The mental constructs, individual, value, and psychological characteristics of foreign policy agents at different periods leading to specific role-based identities have provided different strategies for making decisions in the nuclear Case. As a matter of fact, perception and identity reflection compatible with the structure of the international system or in conflict with it have played a corresponding role in the alleviation intensification or of the Iranian nuclear dispute. In this sense, the role identity in Rouhani discourse due to recognition of the inner paradigm of the international system and as a result of the emphasis on moderation and win-win approach, has displayed itself as a player in the context of Kantian culture. Accordingly, the primary goal of the current study is to answer this question:The role Identity in Rouhani discourse how Representation Iran Nuclear Case and how has impacted the decision-making strategies in this way? According to constructivism and descriptive-analytical methods, research results have shown that Nuclear Case was introduced as a negotiable non-security political issue during Rouhani presidency and Poliheuristic and Small Group Strategies were proposed as decision models based on profit-loss logic.

With regard to a lack of qualitative, multidisciplinary and methodological researches on international opportunity recognition and inspired by recent dialogues between Iran and world powers(P5), in this paper, we have attempted to analyze business development opportunities between Iran and France(As a key member of P5). We found out that international trade regime of France at least in relation to Iran is "large and fragile" while Italians and mainly Germans have relatively constructed a "small and agile" trading system with Iran. To deal with this issue, we extracted explanations and policy proposals. Thus after JCPOA, with regard to less justification of direct import and export between Iran and France and/or co-investment in France, both side should invest on co-investment in Iran and revitalization of past investments and open an special account on empowerment both side's SMEs. When cooperation between SMEs of Iran and France is considered, then it could be justified and should be noticed to empower bilateral trade organizations specially Iran-France chamber of commerce and other business development associations. Cooperation between Iran and France also provides employment in Iran and France, following provided jobs and profits, more companies, groups and unions become proponent and supporter of this cooperation. These groups resist against negative pressures of countries like U.S and Saudi or domestic opposition groups inside Iran and France. Moreover, these cooperation increases the extent of integration and dependency between Iran and France thus both countries are forced to use their political power toward the maintenance of other part's national security.

Policy issues have become politically mushrooming in recent years, and this usually reduces the ability to analyze their expertise. The series of lectures that peaked in the last weeks has made the policy of language and politics of this area a significant issue, which can increase the opportunity of the topic. In this article, the topic of the language policy is first and then suggestions are made.

The history of revolutions reveals extraordinary variety in their causes, development, and outcomes. From classical times to modern, governments have been overturned by groups seeking change, but their methods and goals have varied. No form of regime seems wholly immune from revolution, although traditional monarchies, empires, and personalist dictatorships seem especially vulnerable.
Mass theories and class theories of revolution are too simple to account for this variation and complexity. A process model that pays attention to changes in the structures of and relationships among states, elites, and popular groups, and to the roles of revolutionary coalitions, international pressures, and ideologies, is more useful.
Revolutions occur in countries that are facing the pressures of international conflict or population growth with weak states, contentious and divided elites, and populations whose grievances and mobilization potential are high. As long as such conditions occur--and there are still prospects of such conditions developing in many parts of Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, Asia, and even China--the history of revolutions will not be over.

The 1979 revolution, like all political revolutions, had two goals: first, the overthrow of the former political order and the founding of a new political order that claimed to bring a better future for Iran and Iranians.
Judging by the prosperity or failure of a revolution to overthrow the previous political order requires little research; the collapse of the established political system is the most visible success of a revolution in achieving the first goal. In this regard, the 1979 Iranian Revolution was successful, because it was generally a manor for the end of the ancient kingdom system in Iran with all its strengths and weaknesses.
But after the collapse of the former political system, an important and fundamental challenge is the advancement of revolutions, which affects their legitimacy in the coming years and the situation of the countries in which these revolutions occurred: the challenge of the founding of a new governance system.
Economic, social, environmental, military and political (domestic and foreign) affect the sustainability of countries, and the overall situation of the country, according to each of these dimensions, determines its position in the state of stability.