فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1385)

Justice is necessary for social security in all levels of life and for all different classes of society.Although, the first founders of social laws and the first rulers of the societies have been powerful, they have been the most justifiable and the most farsighted persons. The history of Iran shows us that Diyoks.the first historical king of Iran had won fame to justifiable person:and by this reason, he had been chosen as a ruler. In this essay the writer has concerned the antecedant justice and its kinds in Iran society: And also,he has tried to show the place of justice in government.

The growth and development are complex. variable, multi dimensional and dynamic concepts. And for this reason, there is an unconsensus among the authorities. So it is difficult to define it. Also, to show the subject and find a way in order to determine the relation between these concepts, because of the confusion of meaning, hasnt been a success.The disability of understanding the meaning has caused to apply it mistakenly So the analysis of these fundamental concepts and understanding of the growth. development. its approaches. and its results can determine and explain the complex and multi dimensional concepts of the development.In this essay, not only there is a comparison between the growth and development concepts: but also, the fourfold approaches (linear, stage, political economic and human resourses) have been studied based on the historical experiences: and whenever the quantitative and economical indexes are emphasized and human being and his role based on social and cultural aspects neglected: the development hasnt been able to solve the problems of the society: so. the society had been faced with conflicts and social and cultured crises

From olden times, geographical areas have been divided based on known factors during the historical periods. This division has been coincided with natural and human structure of the areas and its main purpose has been to facilitate the managment of wide and vast country of Iran. From geographical view what should be hesitated is that.in these divisions. the country has been divided to different areas based on natural fixed factors such as: mountains. sea. desert. and river. Also. these areas based on the enjoyment of cultural and human factors. Have been compatible and homogeneity-Ghohestan area. which its main regions are located in restricted area of khorasanjonoobi nowadays. during the historical periods. has been known as one important geographical area. and approximately its boundaries has been coincided with east mountainous area of Iran. In this easy. I have tried to study the geographical origin of Ghohestan. its historical changes and some georaphical charateristics such as boundaries. and its important cities I hope to show some parts of its historical geography to the lovers of geography. history and culture

Mosibat-name is one of the symbolic works of Sheikh Farid AJddin Mohammad Attar Neyshaboori This book is a description of an imaginary person's behavior that sheikh calls him "conscience wayfarer"."Conscience wayfarer* is a symbol of mankind's religious thought from beginning to the end: from the moment that man begins to seek God in the mountains. trees. sea and wilds and birds till he reaches the prophets divine legislative guidance and finally with the latest prophet's guidance arrives to the maximum degree of maturity and mental perfection that becomes independent of another prophet s guidance. He that until that moment always seeks God in the outside world. Finally. he looks to the man inside himself. knows himself and finds the hidden path which is in depths of his spirit

In recent decades. the compilation and description of dialects. as a part of cultural heritage. has drawn the lovers of this valuable heritage and researcher's attention to itself. In this writing. the writer who is the speaker of Zirkooh. has compiled some authentic vocabularies of this dialect.Apparent. these vocabulanes are not registered anywhere. The author has tried to mention some lexical characteristics of this dialect. Also. he has written some vocabularies in order to remove the ambiguities of literary texts.

This article is a part of research program "Historical study on Bahluli Tribe and their Political Interactions" which has been done in Birjand University. The purpose of this study was to discuss different roles of Bahluli women in their community. for example in economics. making handicrafts and remedy and it was also an attempt to indicate the different aspects of the presence of these women which cause the prolongation of their life and identity

When the officials of central government arrived in qaenat: it brought about clashing between those officials and the agents of1 Showkat -almolk who was the head of the local government. His agents cooported with the nonnative officials hardly. Also. the local government caused some problems in order to prevent the advancment of the officials of the central government. They were threatented or murdered by the agents of local government. Killing Mirza ebrahim khan. the chief of finance office was one of those problems In this research. we have tried to study the reasons of this murder and its results. based on the documents which are not published yet