فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، پاییز 1392)

At present tourism industry as one of the important sources of income and via creation of financial flow brought forth as a main factor in the economical improvement of regions and countries. Also tourism expansion in villages brings forth the expansion of job opportunities, initialization of extra revenues and poverty wiping in rural districts and follows cultural and environmental advantages. But always the lack efficient planning feels in polices of rural expansion for providing or unifying of tourism. First in this research the methodology of project and then the capacities of tourism expansion of rural regions have been practiced. The research data obtained from questionnaires and statistical documentations. The research findings have been considered deductively and at the end conclusions and recommendations has been presented. This research from the aim aspect is applicatory and its methodology is descriptive- analytical. Data analysis has been accomplished from the use of SPSS and Excel software. The results showed that this region in spite of potential capacities lacks the required equipments and welfare and amusement facilities for attracting of tourists and with this present condition, it cannot play any role in tourism expansion of the region. So with principle planning, especially with provision and accomplishment of comprehensive plan of province tourism and focalization of management supports, suitable annunciations and mobilizing the region to some equipment, we can attest the growth and expansion of tourism along with the expansion of the said village.

The program of the land reforms in Iran accomplished in the beginning of the decade 1340 Hegira which changed the land making system and master and man relations overshadowed from it. The performance of this program endowed the rural with lands and saved them from the dominance of masters and possessed the farmers the lands in which they worked on it. The government of Iran in Pahlavi II period (shah Mohammad Reza) under the pressure of America and its then president Jon. F. Kennedy for the purpose of confronting with the authority of communism in Iran settled a series of social reforms especially the land reforms in country. The land reforms were the first principle of white revolution of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi which has been accomplished in 1340 Hegira. The purpose of Pahlavi government from performing the land reform projects was the establishment of a social base for themselves between the villagers. The land reforms in Iran have been accomplished in three stages and followed numerous political, social and economical consequences from the time of its performance. From the same time of the beginning of performing the program of land reforms this project also has been accomplished in Birjand County. Also the performance of land reforms program in Birand has had three stages which all of its phases has been accomplished sparsely and restrictedly in this county. The writer of this article follows to consider the procedures of the performance of land reforms in Birjand County. Also Birjand overshadowed from the accomplishment of the stages of land reforms in this province and this program has also been performed over there.

Local archives are among the main sources of information in historical researches and the rate of richness of these archives has a direct relation with the growth of historical researches in a region. First in this paper, a definition of local history and its different aspects has been presented. In continue by choosing the world war II as an archival case of study, we proceed the station of local archives and their documental value in historical events with the view of the existent documents in the center of the documents from Astan-e Qods-s Razavi of world war II. The value of this matter is for this reason that which the pivotal role of local archival documents and the role of archives in documentation and the production of historical resources has been considered less from ever now. The results of this article can be used as an emphasis of the necessity of multilateral views to archival documents with the insistence in local and regional viewpoints.

This paper has been conducted with the aim of achieving the scope of the effectiveness of publicities by newly devised organizational propagator tools in suitable area at the end of Safar month and disseminating on foot pilgrimage on the aforesaid days. This paper is from the result of measure and sectional study. The statistical society in this project is all of the people over the age of fifteen in the sample group of the families resided in the city of mashhad (1270 people). The method of sampling in this research at first level is in the form of asymmetrical classic sampling and at the second level the method of random sampling has been used. In order to achieve to this aim, first by analyzing the consequences of the accomplished survey by the researcher, in the last decade of Safar month at the year of 1392, the scope of the effectiveness of the programs of cultural-amusement organization of municipal for propagating of on foot pilgrimage at the ending days of Safar month and comparison of it by the scope of this behavior in the last year has been practiced and then analyzing of the lateral results has been resorted. The obtained results shows that in spite of the presence of small differences in the scope of the recited effectiveness, the cultural-propagandistic plans which with the novel tools in the field of disseminating on foot pilgrimage during the occasions of the endings of Safar month has not been very effective and the changes allocated outstanding trends to itself. The traditional publicities have been the main effective factor in pilgrimage of addressees and peripheral propagating in pilgrimage of resided people in Mashhad has not been so effective. More often this matter (on food pilgrimage) has rooted in traditional beliefs of people which is not boosted or attenuated with sectional and short term propagating.

Childs counted as a valuable capital of a society. Mothers are the first gardeners of these flowers. Mothers who have secrets and unuttered words in their hearts. Lullabies are a kind of melodies which sometimes they song to soften their soul, occasionally to calm their baby and at the other times to convey indirectly their messages and needs to their husbands in the form of a short verses and nice and pleasant sound. Also these sweet speeches are said in a plaint forms but in themselves they have a kinds of structures which we consider their nature in our research. Lullabies contain different purports and essences which with the consideration of each one of them we can discover special models of cultures. The object of this study is lullabies in the culture of the people of South Khorasan in the field of studies of old texture of the city of Birjand. The old texture of this city involves Motahhari and Montazeri avenues that from the aspect of land measurement extended about the 432709/26 miter of the city’s area and exceeded to 4962 persons in population. Of the number of this population, about 1654 of peoples are formed from women and girls. The reason for choosing the old texture of this city is that the lullabies are part of the middle Parsee melodies and permanent and ancient Iranian which rooted in far past. Today mothers use less of these songs to sleeping their kids and consequently for collecting, recording and registering of these lullabies, we should ask and look for to inquire the mothers and grandmothers who had the greatest familiarities in relation to the melodies of the common ancient people culture of this city. For representing of suitable theoretical framework to this research, two structuralism schools by the theorist with the name of Vladimir Prop and culture and personality and with its famous theorist Rut Band Kit have been used. The method that from which the research base has been practiced is profounder anthropology by direct observation and with the presence of researchers in the field of research. At the end of the analysis of lullabies we come to this result that lullabies like any other kind of melodies and children stories, with enjoying the covert and improvised particular cultural capacities, deals with outstanding role in socializing of the people of society. In lullabies the patterns and values of mothers resided in Birjand, the mother who grown up in desert can be seen clearly. In fact we can say that these mothers are the narrators of all of their customs, rituals and cultural and ethnic identity and they will be the preserver of this local culture by singing the lullabies and transmission of them to subsequent generations.

Today the importance of job satisfaction in exploitation of human force in a diverse occupation is not concealed from everybody and some part of this human force is composed of women that the inspection of their issues is worthy to observe. The aim of this study is to consider the Job satisfaction of women in nongovernmental serving occupations in Mashhsd and also specifying the effective factors of it. The used method in this research is of the kind of descriptive-unification. For this reason 244 people of women in nongovernmental serving in Mashhsd are selected randomly with plausible sampling, from the kind of cluster sampling. The instruments for collecting data are questionnaires which consisted of several indexes such as Fild and Roth job satisfaction. The results showed that the average of job satisfaction of respondents is meaningfully below the middle level. Also the variables of salary gratification, intimacy with coworkers and job promotion contained positive relation and the variables of vagueness and aggressiveness of roles contained negative relation with job satisfaction. At the end by the use of multifold Regresiyon analysis, it became distinct that independent variables of research specify 48 percentages of job satisfaction changes.

The aim of this research is to investigate the ceremony of Palm decoration and palm turning and perception of native persons who recognize this custom as a part of Ashoora rituals with the method of exegetical ethnography. For this reason and with the aim of profound knowledge of palm decoration and palm turning, the methods of direct ethnographical observation, profound interview, description and interpretation and also the saved data of native individuals for decreasing of errors has been used. First in conceptual discussion we proceed to review the arguments of Girtz reflection. The results of this research shows that palm decoration and palm turning are among the manly ceremonies in a way that women has a pale presence in it. The other important findings of this research is that in spite of the fact that palm decoration and palm turning is related to Moharram and lamenting ceremonies, the aesthetical viewpoint to the manner of palm adornment has an important dwelling in this ceremony which in this respect the women has a main role in providing the required materials specially the multicolored clothes.