فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1393)

Confidence is counted as a key concepts in sociological studies and as one of the important factors of social investment and the plan of social capital indicates the exceeding attention to the social and constitutional elements in Development studies. The studies which mainly stressed and emphasized the economic dimensions but in recent decades focused its attention more on to the social and cultural factors of expansion plan. By increasing the seriousness of social confidence in contemporary societies، this concept acquired special status among the politicians، planners and statesmen gradually to the extent that the social confidence evaluation has been take into consideration in the legal act of economic-social expansion plan of our country. The theoretical framework of this article is a collaborative one which include Webber’s culturist theory، Institutional economy and Putnam’s principles. In this research the main concepts of the aforementioned theories has been used permanently. The aim of this project indicates the evaluation of social confidence scale and its dimensions in Birjand city and the Explanation of its relation with Institutional measures for economic expansion. The present research has been accomplished with quantitative approach in survey method and by questionnaire tools. By using KoKaran formula 400 people of Birjand has been selected as a sample and then by the multilevel cluster sampling method، the persons between the ages of 15-64 has been interviewed. The obtaining results shows that there is a very high capacity of social confidence and its relation with Institutional actions for economic expansion. All of this relations are meaningful and directional and indicates this basic point that the scale of readiness for economic expansion of this region is in its high level.

Child fostering methods is the manners which parents take into consideration for training their children. In this research the attempt has been accomplished to investigate the relation between parents’ child fostering methods and behavioral disorders in teenagers. This project has been performed in survey method of descriptive-explaining type and coherence method. On the base of multilevel cluster sampling 250 girls and boys students of Kar-Danesh schools of Birjand city has been selected and responded to the Bamrind’s (1972) child fostering methods questionnaires and Ritter’s (1967) behavioral disorders. For data analysis the parallel Regression method has been used. The findings of Regression method for total behavioral disorders showed that the potently child fostering method is the strongest prognosis and the variables of autocratic child fostering manner، father’s age، carelessness child fostering style، mother’s education، student gender and mother’s age put into consideration in the next stages accordingly and has been explained around 16 percentage of standard variant variance. Therefore، there is a direct relation between potently child fostering method and anxiety variables، social incompatibility and anti-social behavior and reversed relation between autocratic child fostering manner and anxiety variables، social incompatibility and anti-social behavior and also there is the same reversed relation between carelessness child fostering styles and anti-social behavior.

Contribution is counted as one of the main pillars of expansion tools especially in developing of rural districts. The partnership process must be in voluntary، Villagers، and bidirectional form and should take the interactive state to itself. In extensional discussions various strategies is bring forth for increasing of people’s contributions in prosperity and developing of rural districts which one of the main parts of them is the formation of organizational institutions like nongovernmental organizations as a third part beside the private segment (market) and government (public) which has a crucial role in managing the society. For this reason in recent years the hamlets has been defined as a new administrative parts of villages till play its role as an intermediary among people and government. Hamlet aiders as rural managers and resource owners and noticeable authorities by having required motivations and skills can play much outstanding role in increasing of peopl،s contribution and rural expansion. The aim of this researchis to evaluate the performance of hamlets in direction of increasing of the participation of rural people.. The research boundary is 131 villages containing hamlets in Birjand County. The project sample estimated about the number of 312 with Kokaran Formula، information and data collection method has been done with questionnaires which its accuracy verified by specialist groups and also its permanency which determined by Cronbach Alfa test to the scale of89/0 indicates the acceptable versatility of questions. The collected data has been analyzed with SPSS statistical software and the results of coherence test showed that there is not a meaningful statistical relationship between hamlets operation and the growth of rural family contributions. And also the findings of T Students Test showed that there is a meaningful divergence between the villagers viewpoint and hamlet aiders regarding the role of hamlets in increasing social contributions.

Birjandi dialect is one of the very ancient Percian which some of its structures remained from middle age. But also this dialect like the other dialects is in approaching to the standard dialect or standardization. Our investigated corpus study in this research are only the remained works from Birjandi old dialects such as recorded speeches of Molla Ali Ashraf Saboohi and all of that which Ivanov has been collected from interview and field studies. Of course it is necessary to mention that the writer’s corpus which includes the two aforementioned sources is an imperfect corpus and cannot be responsible to all of our questions. By the accomplished inspections in this research it become clear that all of language dimensions have not exposed to the same extent level of standardization. On the basis of researcher’s investigated corpus، the level of language lexicon suffered more of standardization and the morphological level of languages suffered less. Also the syntactical and phonological level of Birjand’s dialect has been placed in the middle of two aforementioned levels. Each one of these levels has been influenced from standard dialect in such a way: Word level; from two past centuries to now lots of the words of Birjand’s dialects which has been falling into oblivion، became deserted. Syntactic level; in this level old dialect of Birjand by losing the Argative features، the application of adverbial participle of second type instead of past element، the application of continuous verb in alternative to non-continuous verb، the usage of single verb inflectional for plural subject and except that has been approximated much towards the standard dialect. Phonological level; in phonological level the old dialect of Birjand has been suffered from changes such as; the transition of beginning Hanzeh to “h”، transition of “e” to “â” and the transformation of “ē” to “u”. Inflectional level; Also in this level the characteristics such as the application of spurious past element instead of original element and the usage of»progressive has been eliminated.

In long periods of Islamic centuries one of the cultural and intellectual poles which always has been taken into the consideration of Iranian people as a symbol of liveliness to the holy family (peace be upon him) is the offspring and grandchildren tombs of Shia Imams. Iran was being as a relatively peaceful shelter for Shiites and suitable bed for propagation، growth and exaltation of Shiites. The offspring of Moses Al-kazim (peace be upon him) are one of the much more numerous emigrants to Iran territory in Abbasid ruling period. This article tries by analytic inspection of historic sources to investigate the reasons of descendants’ immigration of his holiness the prophet Moses and its effects and blessings. The study of the reason of migration of the followers of Prophet Imam Moses Sadat Mousavi to Iran reveals to some extent the unpleasant and difficult living period of Imam (peace be upon him) and the manifestation of era circumstances of that Imam and from the other hand indicates the transformation of Abbasid government system in their attitudes towards this holy family. The authors of present paper tries after following the reason of level of success of this family to indicate the success scale of this migrants in reaching of their aims and clarify some part of social، cultural and religious circumstances of that period of Iran. From the inspection of the revealed evidences in this research it can be found that among the immigration reasons of the offspring of Moses Al-kazim (peace be upon him) to Iran has been their popularity among people and the removal of this territory particularly Khorasan from the center of governorship، cruelty and oppressions of Abbasid Caliphs towards their right and so on which their presence caused the expansion of Shiites and the great religious theology schools and training much of seminarians in Iran.

“Introversion” and “Confidentiality” are two main and structural principles in Iranian-Islamic architecture which had an effective impression in formation of cities regional organization and framework materials of Iran’s traditional buildings. Also the ecological factor had been effective in choosing and selecting of introversion principle in Iran’s pre-historic cities still in Islamic period on the base of basic facts and faith credence and Islamic ideology in addition to introversion plan، also the privacy principle has been take into consideration of architectures from two aspect of framework and implication as one of the main factors in cites and buildings designing. Among the spaces which the reflection of two aforementioned principles can be seen obviously in its framework rooms are the houses. Having no direct visional connection of inside of the house with urban spaces and sanctifying and maintaining family bounds and bringing of space and privacy zone in area materials are of the specialty and characteristics of the houses of Islamic period of Iran. The writers in this paper with the aim of exploration and manifestation of two principle of introversion and privacy in framework-space materials of historic houses of Birjand attempt to have observation and field survey to explain it in descriptive-analytic method and data collection tools. The results of the present research indicates that the architectures have been take into consideration the principles of introversion and privacy in space reposing of framework materials in designing and building of historic houses of Birjand which its reflection can be seen in building constructions with introversion design and pattern and providing triple general، private and semi-private privacy layers.