فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 40، تابستان 1395)

Religious participation is the most important constituent of social capital and one of the key concepts of religion sociology. In Iran whose majority of population are Muslims and Shiita, religious participation is very desirable and worthwhile and Quranic verses emphasize it too. But despite Islamic orders, research and public sentiment indicate that religious participation of Iranian people has reduced in recent decades in contrary to early years of Iran Revolution, and this can be seen more in young people than other parts of society. This question arises in the mind of the investigator: why, despite the fact that our youth become familiar with religious participation from childhood and it is considered in educational centers, mass media and family, do they not care about some forms of religious participation, and their adherence to religious participation is not as expected? Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the social factors influencing religious participation of the youth, especially students of Birjand University. The method of research is quantitative and the instrument of data collection is a researcher-developed questionnaire. Statistical population of this study consist of the students of Birjand University in the academic year of 94-95. This population includes 9564 people from which a sample of 312 people, according to Cochran formula and using a proportionate stratified random sampling, was selected. The proposed relationships between variables were examined by using the analytical methods of correlation coefficient of Spearman, Chi- square, Multiple regression )Enter method( and path analysis. The results show that the dependent variable, which is religious participation, has a significant relationship with religious values variable, using the mass media variable, social-economic status of the family variable, social trust variable and type of school variable. Also, the multivariate analysis shows that the variables of religious values, social trust, socialeconomic status of the family and using the mass media have the greatest effect on the dependent variable. The results of this study are similar to the views of Inglehart, Norris and Putnam.

Qaenat, having an ancient historical background, strategic location, sample tourism area of Bouzarjomehr, historic and beautiful caves, natural and moderate climate and strategic agricultural products, has ahead numerous opportunities to attract tourists.This research was conducted with the purpose of recognizing internal factors )strength and weakness(, external factors )opportunities and threats( and planning tourism strategy of Qaenat. Research method is descriptive-analytic-developmental, namely at first Qaenat҆ s characteristics and tourism attractions were described. Then, internal and external factors of development were analyzed by the use of SWOT analysis. Finally appropriate strategy of recognition and tourism developmental strategies were provided using QSPM matrix. In the results of this research, specific time of harvesting saffron and barberry with average rating of 3.2 and weighted rating of 0.22 as the most important strength; The variable of inappropriate and inadequate accommodation and welfare centers in the city with the average rating of 4 and weighted rating of 0.24 as the most important weakness; The golden opportunity of eliminating the sanctions and presence of foreign tourists with the average rating of 2.83 and weighted rating of 0.23 as the most important opportunity, and the variable of lack of preparation of administrative organizations and people for using the cultural-economic chance of foreign tourist presence with the average rating of 2.27 and weighted rating of 0.16 as the most important threat, were selected. At the end, offensive strategies were recognized as the most appropriate strategy for Qaenat ҆s tourism development.

Establishment of social council of localities is one of the most effective factors of citizens’ intervention in Mashhad’s urban management. Obviously a fair and equal opportunity of participation should be provided for women and men, but unequal number of men versus women councilors signifies insufficient use of women, that the most important reason for it can be mayoralty’s distrust on women’s operation and capabilities. In this study, two indices of social capital, including councilors’ trust in each other and their trust in the effectiveness of the council, and also two indices of councilors’ tendency to participation and a sense of belonging to the locality was studied among members of 12 Social Councils of Mashhad’s district 9 . The research method is descriptive and documents and questionnaires were used for data collection. The population of study consists of all members of social councils of localities of Mashhad’s district 9. Statistical sample of the survey includes all the members of social councils of localities of aforementioned district. To analyze and produce information needed descriptive statistics and frequency command, and to compare means Mann-Whitney test was used. Data analysis revealed no significant difference in men and women attitudes toward selected indices. Thus, according to the survey results lack of sufficient trust in membership of women in social councils of localities has no acceptable justification and it is obvious that since women are more present in the locality and more aware of locality’ shortages than men, their membership in councils will bring about positive results for the efficiency of the Councils.

Administrative health is the most important capital for the advancement of any organization, and its counterpoint is administrative corruption which impedes progress. Corruption has two procedures. One procedure is the perception that exists in the society towards corruption, namely believes that society has towards the existence of corruption and its scope. The other procedure contains assessment and evaluation of corruption and determining indices for it. The general purpose of this research is to investigate Birjand citizens’ perception of administrative corruption and demographic variables affecting it. This study contains a survey in which a questionnaire is used. The population of study consists of all 18 year old citizens and older ones. The combined random-cluster sampling method was used and the sample size was 197 people. For assessment content validity and for reliability measurement Cronbach’s alpha test was used. The results were extracted using SPSS software in two descriptive and analytical levels. The results show that: 1) there is a significant difference between the gender of respondents and their perception of administrative corruption, namely the perception of administrative corruption is more in women respondents than men respondents. 2) There is a significant difference between respondents’ level of education and their perception of administrative corruption. 3) Perception of administrative corruption in respondents with average socio-economic status is more than other respondents. 4) There is no significant relationship between age of respondents and their perception of administrative corruption.

The current research paper seeks to comparatively study the social wellbeing indices of Mashhad citizens in 2015. Research theoretical framework has been studied emphasizing Keyes ideas. The research, which contains a survey, is descriptive. Taking Cochran’s sample size formula as its basis for determining the size of the population under study. The research selects 660 people of 16-64 year-old Mashhad citizens living in low, middle and upper class districts of the city through cluster sampling. The required data was gathered administering Keyes standardized questionnaire and the obtained Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78. Part of results indicates that the amount of feeling of enjoying social well-being is equal to %48.2. Moreover, the highest score of mean dependent variable among the citizens domiciled in upper-class city districts )Districts 1, 9, 11( was for social acceptance )%91.3( and for social prosperity )%87.3(. The highest score of mean dependent variable among the citizens domiciled in lowerclass city districts )Districts 5, 6, 3( was for social participation )%21.4( and for social coherence )12.4( and the highest score reported for those living in middle-class districts )Districts 8, 10, 2( was for social conformity )11.4(. The results indicate that the average index of social welfare varies among the citizens. Besides, a significant difference was observed between gender and the feeling of social welfare, but there was not such significance difference between being married and the feeling of social welfare. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between age, the economic and social status of the citizens and their feeling of social wellbeing.

There are some Arabic Mollammaat )macaronic verse( and poems among Mohammad Ibn Hosam-adin Khusfi )died in 875 AH(’s poetries. These poems follow a literary tradition which has begun to appear since the fourth century in Shahid Balkhi’s poetry and has shown Iranian’s talent and thought over centuries. Among Ibn Hosam’s Arabic poems, there is an ode )qasida(, with sixty-six lines, which describes and praises the prophet Mohammad and it is not decoded and contains some spelling errors and typos in his published collections of poetry. This research at first seeks to record and translate those lines and describes and analyzes their technical elements in linguistic, emotional and imaginary aspects and then it studies their relationship with Arabic literary trends in Mamlook period especially “Bordah” ode. Existence of such poems in Ibn Hosam Khusfi’s collection of poetry demonstrates another dimension of his personality and capacity and it is valuable in tracking the trend of saying poems and Mollammas in Arabic among Iranian poets.