مجله ترویج علم
سال پنجم شماره 6 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

Science and Technology museums do special activities based on their goals as a research institute in regard with disseminating and popularization of science. In this article, the role of Iran science and technology museum in popularization of science by considering the activities of themuseum regarding to education, learning, popularizing and transferring scientific experiences to visitors has been introduced and examined.To study the activities of Iran Science and Technology Museum, with the approach of popularization of science, a questionnaire was randomly given to 100 visitors in the first half of 2014. Museum activities such as educational tours by experts, scientific learning in science and technology museum, the effectiveness of visits on visitors’ learning, interactive role of the museum’s objects in popularization of scientific concepts, chance of having scientific questions and answers about museum’s objects, increasing natural history information by visiting the hall of indigenous and modern technologies, familiarity with celebrities in different fields of knowledge, their works and inventions, scientific information about museum’s objects such as catalogue, brochure, receiving scientific information through animation and documentaries, holding workshops, seminars and scientific conferences for dissemination of science, were the mentioned materials in this survey. More than 80 percent of respondents have chosen IRSTM as a good place for popularization of science and scientific notions. In this regard one of the most important activities is the method of education and learning in science and technology museum which leads to a practical training during visit.

This paper aims to examine the impact of museums, especially science museums and science centers on formation, growth and development of cultural capital in the society. In order to achieve this goal first, in the theoretical basics section, with an overview of the history of the formationand changes in the role and functions of museums through history, the educational role of museums as one of the most important roles of museums especially in science museums has been emphasized. Then by elaborating and extending the concept of cultural capital and by enumeratingits functions and effects on society, varieties of cultural capital categories have been offered.Then by citation analysis and deductive approach the relationships, roles and impacts of science centers and science museums in the formation of cultural capital and consequently in the scientific and cultural development of the country has been described.Finally, based on obtained results some suggestion are recommended for improving the performance of science and technology museums and science centers for development of cultural capital in society and in achieving sustainable development.

In order to accurate implementation of popularization of science polices, some factors should be studied. Media, especially mass media, and also science popularization centers and science and technology museums, could have important role in process of science popularization in Iran.So this study focuses on the important role of radio as a mass media and its role in introducing the science and technology museums to people.The data collected through survey and library studies and data collection was based on the questionnaire and snowball identification technique.Statistical population was 30 researchers and experts in the field of popularization of science. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and in descriptive and inferential statistics questions; T-test and Friedman test had been used.Analysis revealed that “Introducing science and technology parks and museums and inviting people for visiting by radio” with average rating 8.23 was one of the most effective programs of radio. So TV and radio have an important role in popularization of science in Iran.With considering the effect and importance of TV and radio as a mass media, proper polices to utilization of these medium is required. So introducing science popularization centers like science and technology museums through mass media could be really effective in popularization of science.

Scientific publications are rapidly developing as a result of science domains development. Therefore tracing research trends in various domains of science has become a challenge. In fact, limitations of conventional methods of analysis of various domains of science and their weaknesses in representing a comprehensive view of knowledge, has led specialists of scientometrics and computer science to develop new methods to overcome it. In this direction, scientometrics specialists have been combined scientometrics indicators and methods with new visualization techniques to provide tools in order to study science and their relations. The aim of this study is to introduce methods of mapping the scientific maps especially co-word analysis and methods of text-mining analysis. This study tries to guide researchers to new fields of analyzing sciences structure.Therefore this paper focuses on the concepts of mapping scientific maps and verifying their methods try to explain theoretical foundations of scientific maps. Consequently suggests these maps to be used as a solution to convert the implicit knowledge into explicit knowledge.

Concept mapping is a cognitive strategy particularly suited to identifying relationships between ideas. This study has investigated the effectiveness of concept mapping as a learning strategy on intermediate students’ listening comprehension. Although listening comprehension is now well recognized as an important aspect of language learning, it has been neglected in research and practice until quite recently. Even now we cannot say much work has been done in this domain.By administering a Comprehensive English Language Test (CELT), a sample population of 60 subjects was selected from 91 students of English translation in Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch. A pretest consisting of six listening passages was administered to the subjects. After one month, training sessions were devoted to the experimental group and appropriate concept maps were provided before listening to the passages to teach them how to listen, whereas some pictures were used to teach the control group. During the special instruction by concept mapping technique,the researcher asked the students to help her in writing the concepts in order to determine their level of involvement. Their level of involvement was measured by a questionnaire that they had answered in the last session later on. The obtained data was analyzed through t- test. The analyzeddata presented that; there was a significant difference between the means of experimental group and control group on the post- tests. That is concept mapping proved to be effective and has increased the experimental group’s listening comprehension.By investigating the questionnaire it was realized that 70 percent of the students had helped the teacher in mapping the concepts that indicates a good level of involvement in the teaching- learning process. On the whole, the findings suggest that it is necessary to provide FL listeners with the appropriate learning strategy prior to asking them to listen. On the other hand the instructors should not ignore the critical role of learning strategies in FL listening comprehension.

According to international data information, the annual amount of agricultural production 10-50 percent is removed from the consume cycle. In our country, an average of 30 percent, or about 420 thousand tons of agriculture products due to lack of system maintenance, conversion and distribution, are wasted. However, 70 percent has organic life agricultural waste, and it can return to the soil. Hence, despite the undeniable potential in agriculture, one major problem for agricultural structures is lack of proper organization management and motivation on the sustainable utilization of resources.Present study, is an overview of the document library, research computerized, in global information networks. Also it is reviewed the concept of agricultural waste and recycling managing of agricultural waste for the benefits and also emphases on four principal: reductions raw materials, re-use of products, recycling and recovery of energy.According to study, it seems that, in order to achieve self-sufficiency ratio, apart from increasing production in agriculture, an alternative should find to deal with the issue of waste management recycling and waste of agricultural products.Thus, through the applying appropriate methods, agricultural waste management that will be addressed in this study, cause to reduce agricultural waste and lead to efficient use of them, and increase staff productivity and also reduce damage to the resource base and caused important steps toward achieving sustainable development and developing environmental protection.

Deputy Director General Principles, Law & IHL Department Iranian Red Crescent Society John Maddox who was editor of Nature during 1966-73 and 1980-95, transformed the journal from a collegially amateurish publication into a challenging and professional in assessment of science and in scientific journalistic reportage.John Royden Maddox exerted an influence on science and the politics of science that was unequalled by any journalist or editor in recent years.He won a scholarship to university of oxford to read chemistry. He wished a professional ideal which was changing the Nature into an attractive magazine for reading and studying for the public, scientists and researchers.Maddox had published two offshoots “Nature New Biology” and “Nature Physical Science “. His efforts resulted in the publishing of Nature, three times a week, at that time. Nature Genetics was the first to appear in 1992 that was a precious success. Maddox’s several books, especially what remains to be discovered (Freepress, 1997) attracted wide attention. In 1996, John Maddox was knighted for his services to science and in 200 he was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal society.In 1995, he retired from Nature after a total 22 years in the editorial chair. John Maddox passed away on 12 April 2009.